Establishment of a Treatment System for Composting Rice Straw and Agricultural and Animal Wastes and Its Application on the Growth of Agricus blazei Murill

• Main Authors: I-Nan Chen, 陳益南
• Other Authors: Ching-Chen Hsieh
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2005
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69606531163833050062

碩士 === 國立屏東科技大學 === 熱帶農業暨國際合作研究所 === 93 === Cultivation of Agricus blazei Murill in Taiwan traditionally utilize the plastic bags containing fermented tree barks or sawdust fortified with necessary nutrients. The materials used are primarily imported which result in high production cost yet low yield, consequently deter the application desire of growers. The initial idea of this study came from the utilization of rice straw which is a common agricultural waste in Taiwan. The concern of heavy metal residues originated from industrial pollution strongly daunted the usage of rice straw. On the contrary, no major industrial establishment in Taitung would eliminate the worry of heavy metal pollutants. Preliminary test confirmed the feasibility of using rice straw from Taitung area in cultivating Agricus blazei Murill. One metric ton of dried rice straw was cut into strips of 15 cm long, first soaked in water for 2 days, compiled with animal manure (cow, swine, and poultry in 3 equal parts) and circled by wooden blocks. After 7 days, the temperature of central composts reached 65 ~ 70 C, and subjected to first agitation. Stack was replied up after additional water added, two air venting ducts were inserted, and then the second stage of fermentation initiated until temperature reached 65 C. Agitating then re-supply water before 5 days of fermentation completed (temperature 55 C). The fourth and the last agitation was carried out after 3 days when the temperature dropped to 50 C. 30 kg of sample was selected for analysis; the remainder was adjusted until moisture content was greater than 70%. Compost was put on mushroom bed, sealed and further fermentation took place, temperature rose to above 60 C. After 2 days, the seal was broken and let the bed cooled down to below 29 C. The plantation was carried out followed by covering with newspaper. The mycelium flourished to almost full after 20 days of growth, and then covered with soil (irrigated with 0.5 % CaCO3). The irrigation period lasted for 15 days, when the baby mushroom came out, irrigated more until sporocarp could be collected for analyses. Rice straw from both first and second seasons of paddy rice were conducted and analyzed. The results confirmed that the heavy metal contents all fell within national standards. These findings not only eliminate the necessity of incinerating rice straw thus preventing the air pollution occurred, but also improve the utilization of animal waste, especially alleviate the pollution to air and water. By combining the new application of agricultural resources and the cultivation of healthy foods, this study could enhance the income of farmers, encourage the upgrade of agricultural products, and consequently benefit the agro-business of Taiwan.