Yield and Yield Component Performances of Rice Germplasms under Different Environmental Conditions in Africa, Central America and Asia

• Main Authors: Gwo-Liang Kuo, 郭國良
• Other Authors: Ching-Hsiang Hsieh
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2004
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02576809605445948900

碩士 === 國立屏東科技大學 === 熱帶農業暨國際合作研究所 === 93 === In order to investigate how the yield and yield components of rice are expressed under different environmental conditions in Africa, Central America and Asia, 16 germplasms of rice collected from CIAT ( Latin American Tropical Research Center) and Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute were used as the materials throughout this study. The data in Burkina Faso indicated that the grain yield of strain CR-2069 was the highest (12,382 kg/ha) among the 16 test strains. It was 28.6 % higher than that of the control variety FKR-19. Taiwan variety Tainung-Sen 14 gave the next highest yield of 11,905 kg/ha followed by Latin American variety CIAT 960512-103 (11,762kg/ha). In Nicaragua experimental farm, the Latin American variety CIAT 960402-61 exhibited the highest yield of 7,950 kg/ha which is 24 % higher than that of the control variety FKR-19. Next is strain CT-8008-16 (7,800 kg/ha) and the followed by ICTA-MOTAGUR (7,520 kg/ha). Under the environmental conditions of Taiwan, Taiwan variety Taichung —Sen 2 expressed the highest yield of 6,525 kg/ha which is 32.2 % higher than that of the control variety FKR-19. Latin American variety CIAT-960276-36 expressed the second highest yield of 6,437.5kg/ha, followed by CIAT-96027-36 (6,400kg/ha). Comparing the yielding capacity of rice varieties in the three locations, the yield in Africa was the highest which is almost doubled in comparison with that in Taiwan. The rice yielding capacity of the tested varieties in Central America turned to be in between of that in Africa and Asia. The reasons why such discrepancy occurred were investigated based on the agronomic performances of the three highest yielding varieties in three geographic locations. Tiller number which is one of four yield components expressed a great difference in the three locations. In Burkina Faso the tiller number of three highest yielding varieties was 28.5, 25.8 and 25.3 respectively, while the corresponding three varieties in Nicaragua was had 20, 20.9 and 16.8 respectively. In Taiwan the corresponding varieties had 15.6, 12.6 and 16.8 tillers which are the lowest among the three locations. Since a high correlation value(r = 0.812, α＜0.01) was calculated between tiller number and grain yield, it is identified that difference in yield performance among the three locations was mostly due to difference in tiller number in three locations. Another yield component, percentage of grain setting, was also found to contribute greatly to the change of yielding capacity in three locations. Under the environmental conditions in Burkina Faso, percentage of seed setting for above mentioned three representing varieties were very high( 89.7 %, 94.4 % and 94.7% respectively), while in Taiwan it was lower ( 80.6%, 87.7% and 85% respectively). Since a high correlation value(r = 0.923, α＜0.01) was calculated between percentage of seed setting and grain yield, Another yield components, weight of 1000 grains and number of grains per panicle, exhibited the best performance in Burkina Faso and followed by Nicaragua and Taiwan. Correlation coefficients between grain yield and all yield components as well as number of growing days were calculated with the data collected from three locations to see whether different environmental conditions will affect the correlation values. The result indicated that different environments affect the performance of correlation among the characters investigated though not very drastically. The reasons for the difference in performance of yield and yield components under the different geographical locations were discussed in detail.