| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立屏東科技大學 === 農園生產系 === 93 === Abstract
The versatile charactersitics such as abundant in starch content and fresh cool in flavor for arrowroot rhizome brings the incentive to cultivate it in southern Taiwan. This research investigated the cultivation methods of Taiwan arrowroot rhizome. It comprised three experiments to explore the factors governing the quality and property of arrowroot rhizome. First, to compare the physical and chemical property in different starch crops. Second, to investigate the quality variations imposed to the arrowroot rhizome arised from the different planting month and harvest time. Last, to test the fertilizer effect on the quality of arrowroot rhizome.
The starch granules shape differs significantly among starch crops, for example, in the rhizome crops starch granules and viscosity is larger than the cereal crops starch in size. The arrowroot has the highest amylose and lowest amylopectin starch and contents the lowest gelatinization temperature among the rhizome family. The swelling power of arrowroot increased with the rise of temperature. This leads to low gelatinization, viscosity and swelling power, but high solubility and low saccharifying power, which is second to the potato starch and superior than others. The arrowroot starch and the rice starch contain the highest total nitrogen and crude protein.
The planting date with the harvest time in March, April, and May showed linear increase in their fresh weight, dry weight, starch content, crude fiber content, saccharifying power, total nitrigen content, and crude protein content. The arrowroot planted in March showed lowest crude fiber and higher antioxidant activity. For those planted in April had the highest saccharifying power and starch content. Planting in May had higher fresh weight、dry weight and starch content. Significant interaction effect was observed in crude protein content. No significant interaction effect on planting date and harvest time in swelling power of starch was observed. The soulibility showed no correlation with harvest time. The third harvest time had the highest antioxidant activities in three planting months.
Highest dry weight and fresh weight of first rhizome harvest was observed among all fertilizer treatments including NO.43、organic compound fertilizer NO.1 and chicken manure. Chicken manure treatment showed high starch content at arrowroot primary rhizome and low crude fiber content in secondary rhizome. And, it also showed significantly higher crude protein than NO.43 chemical fertilizer. Chicken manure treatment of arrowroot rhizome had higher antioxidant activity than TFNO.43 chemical and TF organic fertilizer NO.1. The secondary rhizome showed higher antioxidant activity than primary rhizome.
In summary, the characteristic of starch and antioxidant properties were significantly affected by fertilizer type, planting date, harvest time and harvest rhizome parts. Chicken manure and TF organic compound fertilizer NO.1 performed better in yield, qualitiy and antioxidant properties.
Keyword : arrowroot, rhizome, quality, starch, physicochemical properties, planting date, fertilizer, antioxidant activity.
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