Fruit Yield and Quality, Growth of Tomato as Affected by Phosphorus and Potassium Level of High Sodium Nutrient Solution

• Main Authors: Da-Cun Lin, 林大村
• Other Authors: Tzu-Bin Huang Ph.D. Yung-Fu Yen Ph.D.
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2005
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02135533505627128792

碩士 === 國立嘉義大學 === 園藝學系碩士班 === 93 === Abstract Hydroponics culture is applied in tomato production widely, and fruit quality of tomato can be improved by adding sodium chloride (NaCl) into nutrient solution, but which result in inhibiting growth of plant. The experiment it measured the effects of phosphor and potassium level of high sodium nutrient solution on fruit yield and quality, growth of plants grown with nutrient film technology (NFT). The experiment 1 was carried out from 2002 to 2003, in which the tomato plants cv. Taoli were grown with NFT. The check was of basic nutrient solution, EC (electrical conductivity) 2.5 dS/m, contenting 1800 μM phosphate, the treatments of various phosphor levels of nutrient solutions were that NaCl was added the basic nutrient solutions up to EC 6.0 dS/m which contented 14.4, 72, 360, 1800 μM phosphate. The results showed that the fruit yield from the 1st to 8th truss of check and 14.4, 72, 360, 1800 μM phosphor treatments were 2181, 1496, 1665, 2114, 1668 g/plant, respectively, and also the marketable yield were 2033, 1339, 1474, 1971, 1497 g/plant, respectively. The predicted optimal phosphor level based on fruit yield is 265.3 μM, while tomato were grown with high sodium nutrient solution, it is suggested that phosphor level between 200~400 μM of nutrient solution is reasonable. The fruits at the 8th truss while the plants grown with these treatments of 14.4, 72, 360, 1800 μM phosphors and check, the TSS (total soluble solid) were 6.2, 6.1, 6.0, 6.3, and 5.0 oBrix, respectively, and the TA (titrate acids) were 0.82, 0.76, 0.74, 0.72, and 0.57 %, respectively. These results showed that the TSS and TA of fruits of check were the lowest, and the resistant compression force was the lowest too. The leaf area and dry weight of plants grown with 14.4 and 72 μM phosphors were lower than these of check, as well as, the SLA (specific leaf area) of 14.4, 72, and 1800 μM phosphors treatments were lower than checks too. It are concluded that the high sodium nutrient solution with 200~400 μM phosphors could compensate the growth inhibited by high sodium nutrien solution which might increased fruit quality. Experiment 2 tomato also grown with NFT to determine the effects of potassium level of high sodium nutrient solution on fruit yield, quality and plant growth, it was carried out from 2003 to 2004. In which tomato plants cv. Taoli were grown with NFT. The EC of basic nutrient solution with 360 phosphate were 2.5 dS/m as check, and the treatments of various potassium levels of nutrient solutions were that NaCl was added the basic nutrient solutions up to EC 6.0 dS/m, then KCl were added the high sodium nutrient solution up to EC 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0 dS/m. The fruit yield from the 1st to 10th truss of check and treatments of EC 6, 8, 10, 12 dS/m were 4254, 3295, 2792, 2222, and 2031 g/plant, respectively, and the average fruit weight of total yield were 125, 94, 78, 63, and 58 g/fruit, respectively, as well as the marketable yield were 4162, 2886, 2238, 1276, and 1120 g/plant, and the average fruit weight of marketable yield were 130, 108, 95, 93 and 92 g/fruit, respectively. The results showed that the yield was linear decrease with EC increased while NaCl and KCl added. Again the TSS of fruits at the 2nd and 10th truss were 4.6, 5.1, 5.7, 6.6, 6.9 oBrix and 5.5, 5.8, 7.7, 8.0, 9.4 oBrix, respectively, and the TA of fruit at the 2nd and 10th truss were 0.43, 0.53, 0.61, 0.74, 0.80 % and 0.45, 0.40, 0.64, 0.70, 0.85 %, respectively. The fruits harvested from the plant grown with EC 8, 10, 12 dS/m appeared higher TSS and TA than these from check, but these of fruit from the plant grown with EC 6.0 was not different from check. The resistant compression force of fruit of check was the lowest. It was concluded that tomato grown with NFT and high potassium nutrient solutions might increased fruit quality. The leaf water potential, leaf stomata density, leaf area, plant height, fresh stem weight of check were the lowest, but these both EC 6 and 8 treatments were not different, it was deduced that potassium may compensate the growth inhibited by high sodium nutrient solution, and the treatment of EC 8 might produce good quality fruit, and potassium might compensate the growth inhibition due to high sodium nutrient solution.