| Summary: | 碩士 === 高雄醫學大學 === 口腔衛生科學碩士在職專班 === 93 === Background：According to the statistical data provided by the Ministry of the Interior, the number of permanent residents of Taiwan was 22,534,761 at the end of 2003. The northern area occupied the highest percentage, 43.59%. The number of people with disabilities was 857,263 in Taiwan and 320,581 (37.40%) in the northern area at the same year, which occupied the highest percentage compared to other areas. But the number of people with disabilities / general population ratio in the northern area showed the lowest percentage (3.26%) compared to other areas. The number of the general population, people with disabilities even the dental resource of the northern area occupied the most part in Taiwan, we were still interested in whether the oral health of the people with disabilities had better care or not. In this study, we investigated the oral health condition, dental treatment needs and related factors of the institutionalized people with disabilities in northern Taiwan.
Purpose：1.To investigate the oral health status of institutionalized people with disabilities in northern Taiwan. 2.To investigate the oral health status and its related factors such as diet, teeth brushing habits, status of daily activities and dental visit behaviors.
Methods：The samples were extracted from the study of “Oral Health Status and Related Factor of Institutionalized People with Disabilities in Taiwan”which was conducted by the Graduate Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Kaohsing Medical University. There were 6820 people with disabilities residing in the institutions in northern Taiwan, and 2001 samples were extracted by the stratified cluster sample design and Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). There were 1,465 people with disabilities (868 male, 597 female) who responsed both to the oral examination and questionnaire, the response rate was 73.2%. The protocol of the oral examination was in accordance with the WHO’s criteria, and then carried out by trained and calibrated dentists. The dietary habits, teeth brushing habits and status of daily activities were collected in a structural questionnaire by the caregivers or parents of people with disabilities. Data were analyzed by using JMP.
Results：The institutionalized people with disabilities in northern Taiwan had a DMFT index of 9.08. The group aged over 45 was the highest at 16.14. Decayed teeth number were 4.23 and the group aged 19-44 was the highest at 4.70. Missing teeth number were 2.89 and the group aged over 45 was the highest at 10.22. The filling rate was 1.97 and the group aged 19-44 was the highest at 2.40. Caries prevalence was 86.76％ and the group aged over 45 was the highest at 99.05％. The filling rate was 32.36 and the group aged under 18 was the highest at 34.14％. The prevalence of plaque accumulation, gingivitis and calculus retained were 82.90％、80.66％ and 52.85％ respectively. The prosthodontic need was 57.86％ in the upper jaw and 61.72 ％ in the lower jaw. The orthodontic need was 57.21％.
Conclusion：The oral health status of the institutionalized people with disabilities in northern Taiwan showed a significant difference by gender, age, degree of disability, type of institution they stayed, habit and frequency of eating dessert, category and character of the diet, duration of meal time, ability of teeh cleaning, timing and frequency of brushing teeth, cooperative condition with dentist, experience of dental treatment under general anesthesia and custom of regular oral examination. The DMFT index, prevalence of dental caries, plaque and gingivitis index of people with disabilities are higher than that of the ordinary people, but the filling rate is still lower. The resources of dental treatment is abundant in northern Taiwan, but the oral health care for the people with disabilities is still poor. The health authorities and their related institutions should establish a complete plan of oral health care to provide a better service for people with disabilities.
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