| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中正大學 === 社會福利所 === 93 === Recently, many researches of the Labor Sociology and the Labor Economics pointed out that because of the influence of the economic globalization, the labor market turned into gradually the trend of flexibility and deindustrialization to make traditional manufacturing decline and the service sector rise. However, those two factors brought the impact and challenge, including still the subject related to the social welfare policy and the labor policy, for example, unemployed, inequality on income distribution. In addition, the manufacturing industry and the service sector because of its labor productivity and the different degree of international competition ability, resulted in the trend that the wage, labor conditions and social insurance of the labor market were different. In order to understand what is this differences of Taiwan’s manufacturing industry and the service sector in the economic globalization and deindustrialization. My thesis focused on “employment structure”, “average wage”, ”average labor-hour”, “labor productivity”, and “non-salary reward” to analyze and compare. Another contribution of the thesis is to make the classification in according to the Singlemann (1978), categorizing the service sector in Taiwan for the four service industry types which are "producer services", "distributive services", "social services", "personal services" for checking the service sector of Taiwan’s labor market.
The summary of result and finding is follow:
1. We can get the trend of Taiwan’s labor market in 1985-2004, from checking separately "manufacturing industry & whole service sector", and "the service sector", then finding something as follows:
I. At the manufacturing industry and the whole service sector aspect, the service sector which had more employment effect actually can absorb the labor force that the manufacturing industry released, and helped to the creation of the employment opportunities;
II. In the four types of the service sector, "producer services" had lowest proportion of service sector’s employment through the years, but it’s proportion was increasing year by year, growing range for the four types service sector is most. Although the proportion of "distributive services" is the most high through the years, but it’s proportion was falling year by year. The proportion of "social services" is usually the second high in those four types,
and the changing range wasn’t obvious through the years. The proportion of
"personal services" was the second high in Taiwan’s service section in
2002-2004, comparing with the others, "personal services" have always been
the lowest average wage and the longest average labor-hour, and additional
labor cost is lowest. Shortly, "personal services" was the worst labor conditions
and social welfare in the four types of the service sector. In order to prevent
social inequality problems, the government should enhance social welfare
measures and the labor policy to improve it.
2. The meaning and suggestion of policy
I. In order to resolve effectively the challenge of the unemployment in Taiwan at present, the government should adopt the strategy of extending employment. The government also should engage in realization of social justice while promoting economic growth to low social inequality problems caused by the inequality on income distribution.
II. In promoting the whole employment, the government can develop the local industry (as personal services, social services). In the view of forever development, the government should also promote the traditional industry knowledgeize to create the employment of the industry.
III. In labor policy, the government should enhance and establish a flexible and efficient labor-market policy to realize the target of promoting employment. A sustainable policy should promote this work types, such as flexible working hours and the non-typical employment...etc, to create more employment opportunities; In addition, the government should also pay much attention to the related social welfare and labor policy.
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