| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中正大學 === 勞工研究所 === 93 === ABSTRACT
In October 2002, Luis Inácio Lula da Silva won the presidential election, becoming the first president with labor background. The party, Worker’s Party, (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT) he has led for many years took the political power. This event demonstrated the success of Brazilian New Trade Union Movement.
The purposes of this research are to explore the development of the New Trade Union Movement and the reasons why the Movement became successful. In doing so, four tasks need to be completed. First of all, this research analyzed the effect of the political system on labor movement during 1930-1978, focusing on the relationship between trade unions and politics. Second, the rise and development of the New Trade Union Movement were explored. Third, the relationship between the New Trade Union Movement and the PT was analyzed. Fourth, this research tried to find out the reasons why Lula failed in the president elections from 1989 to 1998 and succeeded in 2002.
After analyzing the literature, this research has concluded that first, Brazilian political regime and policy were the most important factors to influence the development of labor movement before 1978. Under the dictatorship and authoritarian rule, trade unions were oppressed and the labor movement was manipulated by political leaders. Second, the New Trade Union Movement emerged under military rule. Many unions participated in this movement, showing a turning point in the Brazilian labor history. Third, the leaders of the New Trade Union Movement created PT. The two institutions have played different role in striving for the rights and interests of the labor class. The Movement worked at the grassroot level soliciting working class support, and the PT struggled for political power. Fourth, three factors were found which had impact on Lula’s failure and success in 1989-1994-1998-2002 presidential elections. These three factors were economic policy, media report, and the corruption of administrative staff. Lula’s success in the presidential election of 2002 also meant the New Trade Union Movement’s achievements in politics.
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