水價制度建構之研究─以台灣省自來水公司為例之個案研究

• Main Author: 賴健民
• Other Authors: 廖坤榮
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2005
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31538820905396392022

碩士 === 國立中正大學 === 政治學研究所 === 93 === Abstract Tap water is basic need of modern life. It is not only fundamental to supply of public security, public health, but also to development of national economy. In Taiwan, tap water is a monopoly public utility industry. Since tap water is associated with basic civilian utility, this industry is generally regulated by governments and monitored by public in most countries in the world for maintaining a good quality of life to public in general. Fundamental goal of this thesis is to examine adjustment mechanism of tap water price regulated by government in order to reflect cost of operation and prevent waste. Tap water price in Taiwan was never adjusted since1991. However, general commercial good price has been raised for several time, tap water price is controlled by the government and never adjusted for a political purpose. Government concerns that tap water as a basic public utility may have a negative impact on elections, if adjusted. Particularly, it may shake the base of political power of ruling party. It is obvious that price rate of public utility reflects a political complex of merely down never up. Revenues of Taiwan Water Company have encounters serious deficit, financial difficulty, capital shortage. It not only influences operation but also is unable to improve old water supply facilities. As a result, financial deficit may lower quality of water supply. This thesis examines running water price of various countries and make a proper comparison, and tries to analyze and construct an institution of water price adjustment. Main finding out in this thesis includes follows: 1. Government should establish an adjustment institution instead of administrative decision in order to reflect operation cost. Water price adjustment ought to be based on the of rational and professional principles. It should organize a proper Review Commission that plays a role of price assessment under the fairness and rationality. Most significant is that the price ought to reflect the cost in order to strengthen transparency and reduce doubt from public at large. 2. Price adjustment of tap water should be based on two fundamental principles: (1) basic needs for general public and lowest rate for public utility; (2) cumulative pricing, extending discriminating pricing from existing four-range system to six-range system. The more used, the higher charged. This new pricing system suggested by this research will be useful and practical for allocation of water resource and achieve a goal of maxismization of social welfare. 3. For several decades, Tap Water Company provides a deductive price for certain institutions or organizations, such as elementary schools, junior high schools, City governments, military service householders, etc. This research suggests that such a privileged pricing must be cancelled or directly subsidized by their superintendent agencies in order to reducing financial burden of this Company as well as accord to principle of user charge. 4. Enforced drought pricing system during water shortage period. Finally, this research suggests that tap water pricing system should establish an institutionalization that reveals as practical, flexible as oil pricing system has. This new system will provides public with a crucial idea of pricing of water resource. Government should be enlightened from political complex and reconsider price structure of public utility, such as water and electricity. Tap water pricing system should be comparable with oil pricing system which works a clear and accurate calculative formula. Government should decentralize public utility industries to adjust price in accordance with specific rational range; consequently, it will be able to reduce political considerations and reconstruct a proper and reasonable pricing structure of public utility industries. Key terms: investment return rate, tap water pricing, water right institution