| Summary: | 碩士 === 淡江大學 === 美國研究所 === 92 === After the Japan’s pounce on the Pear Harbor, American are embroiled into the World War Ⅱ directly and the Chinese battlefield is the main point on Pacific War from the beginning. For its won national privilege, America hoped that the Chinese can take the responsibility of defeating the razzia of Japanese troops to decrease the damage of American troops. However, the interior situation at China was on disintegration for the reason of the civil war between the Chinese Central Government and the Chinese Communist, avoiding to concentrating all the available resources on confronting the razzia of Japan. Moreover, for the attention of Soviet Communist’s enlargement at the end of World War Ⅱ, the Far East needed a united China to balance the power of Pacific area and stabilize the peace on Far East, avoiding the situation that the Soviet Russia become the only super power at the Far East. For these reason above, America stand out to be the mediator on the conflict between the Chinese Government and the Chinese Communist, hoping to unite the diverse political powers at China to fit America’s largest privilege.
From the beginning, the American interior opinions on the Chinese civil war are diverse. For the Chinese Communist, some officers at the Department of State of U.S.A. and the American Embassy at China believed that the Chinese Communist was the advocator of the Chinese Farmer Movement, not having close connection with the Communist International. They also consider the troops of the Chinese as the well-trained ones, and the American Government should give them the military supports and cooperated with them to defeat the Japanese aggression. They thought that the American’s cooperation with the Chinese Communist would force the National Government to admit the political status of the Chinese Communist, accelerating the political reform at China. However, those officers ignored the long conflict history between the National Government and the Chinese Communist. Both the National Government and the Chinese Communist regarded each other as enemies for a long time and wanted to get rid of each other. For certainly, the National Government would not accept a party which want to demolish its ruling. The manner of these officers would only deepen the conflicts between the National Government and the Chinese Government.
In fact, the U.S. President had recognized that Generalissimo Chiang was the only one who could lead china before the end of World War Ⅱ. Except for Generalissimo Chiang, no one had the qualification to govern China to defend the Japanese aggression. The result of American’s supporting on other power at China would cause the collapse of China and accelerate the coming of civil war at China, not uniting the inferior power at China to defeat Japan. For the reasons above, the American decided to insist the traditional foreign policy on China and support Generalissimo Chiang, refusing the military cooperation with the Chinese Communist. The American wished these plans could make the Chinese Communist realize that if they want to get the military support and political recognition from American, the Chinese Communist should come back to the system of government. By doing so, the American hoped to force the Chinese Communist to continue the negotiation between the National Government and the Chinese Communist.
On the other side, the American also noticed the role of Russia in the negotiation between the National Government and the Chinese Communist. Even although the American got the promise from Russia that there was no direct relation between the Russia Communist and the Chinese Communist, and the Russia supported the leading of the Chinese National Government, the American also wanted to make the Chinese Communist understand Russia’s will that the Russia stood for the National Government and the Chinese Communist couldn’t get any assistance from the Russia. For the reason above, the American urged the National Government to connect the Russian Government directly and finally the National Government got the public support from the Russian, signing foreign contract, and forced the Chinese Communist to accept the National Government’s invitation of the negotiation at Chungking.
For the pressure from the American and the Russia, the National Government and the Chinese Communist restarted their negotiation with each other. However, in fact, both of them had their own consideration. On one side, they continued their negotiation process and, on the other side, their both keep the situation of tense military opposition. Even although the American’s mediation made both side sit down to negotiate, the foundation of trust on both side was still weak. Therefore, the symbolic meaning was stronger than practical effects on Chungking negotiation. The peace figure presenting on the Chungking negotiation was soon destroyed by the civil war between the National Government and the Chinese Communist.
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