An investigation of Physical Education Activities of Manchoukuo (1932~ 1945)

• Main Authors: Sun Ya Ling, 孫雅玲
• Other Authors: 范春源
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2004
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57098840141497442770

碩士 === 國立臺東大學 === 教育研究所 === 92 === Abstract Manchoukuo has always been a significant part throughout the 20th-century colonialist studies, I am interested in the development of Physical Education (P.E.) in Manchoukuo and Taiwan under the government of Japan. However, there was no research about the P.E. activities of Manchoukuo, which motivated me to do this research. The purpose of the study is to investigate the goal, content and method of P.E. activities in Manchoukou, to investigate the development of social P.E. and further to understand the international P.E. activities of Manchoukuo. Historical research is used to investigate the development of P.E. activities in Manchoukuo. The range of the study is from 1932 when Manchoukou was established to 1945, in which year Manchoukuo collapsed. According to the study, the following results are found: 1. Manchoukuo was was controlled by Japan directly or indirectly in politics, economy, and military. The whole education policies were changed with Japan’s political and military strategies. 2. At the early stage of Manchoukuo, the main content of elementary and secondary P.E. classes were field and track, ball games and gymnastics. At New- School system stage, students were taught body- training, gymnastics and game competitions. Little attention was paid to high school P.E. curriculum, and special education facilities trained the students’ bodies and minds by practicum and military training. At War education system stage, all school P.E. activities were replaced by morality education, experiment practice, military training and labor working. 3. Under the control of Japan, Manchoukuo held lots of P.E. activities as means to do political propagation and to reinforce the idea of “Japan and Manchoukuo are as a whole”. However, the Japanese in Manchoukuo were the main body in the athletic facilities as well as competition participation. 4. To justify the establishment of Manchoukuo to the world, Japan tried hard to let Manchoukuo participate international athletic competitions. Besides, Manchoukuo had good relationship with Japan’s other colonies, and they had very intensive P.E. interchange activities. In fact, the development of P.E. curriculum in Manchoukuo did not have the P.E spirit of cultivation and body- relaxing; social P.E. and international P.E activities were for political purposes. However, the P.E. activities were developed rapidly by the influence of Japan’s P.E. policies. For the P.E. development of Manchoukuo, it was positive and encouraging. Therefore, ruling Manchoukuo as a colony, Japan had more bad influences on Manchoukuo’s P.E. activities than good influences.