| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣海洋大學 === 河海工程學系 === 92 === ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the “Urbanization Phenomenon” leads the population to boom and centralize, what’s more, and enlarges the density on impervious areas, which results in dwindling ground water replenishment and deteriorating urban water cycle. In order to have a better understanding the impacts by reducing impervious areas and installing roof rainwater catchment systems on urban water cycle, building up an appropriate urban water balance model should be set as the first priority.
The first step in this study is to review the existing hydrologic models, the methods of estimating the amount of evapotranspiration from urban areas and the infiltration processes. Thus, we could make a deeper look on the adaptability of various hydrologic approaches and temporal scale of urban water balance model in the long run. Therefore, the theory of system dynamics using the STELLA software will be used to establish the urban water balance model.
The sub-watershed of the Liu-guan pumping system in Taipei city has been chosen as the study area. Parameters in the mode are being calibrated and verified using measured data. Sensitivity analysis of these parameters is also conducted. The hydrologic changes among surface runoff, infiltration and evaportranspiration for changing percentage of impervious areas by installing permeable pavement are examined. Also different percentages of existing buildings are assumed to install roof rainwater catchment systems. Their impacts on surface runoff and water supply are studied. The relationship among water demand, storage capacity, catchment area proportion and runoff deduction are draw for selected reliability of water supply.
This study has successful established a model for describing the components of water cycle in urban area and quantifying the impact of changes of water cycle by installing permeable pavement and roof rainwater catchment system. This model provides as a useful tool for urban planners.
Keywords: water resource management, urban water balance model, system dynamics, roof rainwater catchment system.
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