| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺南大學 === 諮商與輔導學系碩士班 === 92 === The purpose of this research was to investigate the immediate and follow-up counseling effects of the bibliotherapy proposal on grade 5 and grade 6 bereaved pupils in relation to their attitudes toward death and investigate how these attitudes have changed.
This research adopted equivalent pretest-posttest experimental design. 20 grade 5 and grade 6 pupils who had lost their parent(s) in the past four years were selected as the subjects. They were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group. The experimental pupils received 16 experimental treatments in total, 50 minutes for each treatment and two treatments administered per week.
This research used “Scale on the Attitudes Toward Death of Primary School Pupils” and “Questionnaire on Children’s Attitudes Toward Life” as the tools of measurement. The data obtained were statistically treated and tested with single-factor ANOVA, and the outline of individual interview, records of group activities process, the self-evaluation scale of participants, and home work slip were compiled to be used as collateral evidence and assistance of research findings.
The findings of this research are described as follows:
Ⅰ. With respect to the aspect of immediate counseling effects: the bibliotherapy group did not have immediate counseling effects on the bereaved pupils in relation to their attitudes toward death (fear, sorrow, worry), fear of death in the attitudes toward life, escape-oriented death acceptance, approach-oriented death acceptance, and neutral death acceptance；but had immediate counseling effects in relation to their avoidance in death attitude and death avoidance in the attitudes toward life.
II. With respect to the aspect of follow-up counseling effects: the bibliotherapy group did not have follow-up counseling effects on the bereaved pupils in relation to sorrow and worry in their attitudes toward death, death avoidance, escape-oriented acceptance, and approach-oriented acceptance in their attitudes toward life, but had follow-up counseling effects in relation to their attitudes toward death (fear, avoidance), fear of death in their attitudes toward life, and neutral acceptance.
III. Counseling effects of qualitative analysis:
(I) Influenced by TV media and individual personal experience, the subjects had excessive fear of the appearance of death. However, their fear of death has gradually decreased after undergoing the bibliotherapy group.
(II) With respect to death avoidance, the subjects have changed significantly, less avoiding and more willing to talk about or think death. Moreover, the objects of death that the subjects avoided thinking or talking about were the objects of death that they most feared.
(III) With respect to worry about death, the subjects most feared accidents, unwillingness to separate, and worry that their relatives may be left uncared after they die.
(IV) With respect to acceptance of death, the subjects gradually approached “neutral acceptance” of death; they cherished their life more and were more willing to meditate on the meanings of life.
(V) Bibliotherapy groups could help bereaved pupils to cultivate positive attitudes toward death.
According to the findings, the research put forth suggestions to be applied in counseling and to be referred to the future studies.
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