| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立屏東科技大學 === 環境工程與科學系 === 92 === Abstract
The regulations manure regulate that the manure of poultry or/and livestock should be complete fermented and rotted for the preparation and use of compost. However, many farmers prefer to use unfermented poultry manure as fertilizer because of its cost and convenience. For the sake of farmers, the purpose of this research is to find out the reasonable application rate and method of dry poultry manure to obtain the best fertility for the plants, void its bane for plants and human beings, and reduce its environmental pollution.
The suggested application rate of dry poultry manure is based on the its content of nitrogen. That 5 g/kg is applied to the pot or 10 T/ha is applied to the field reaches the nutritional standards for plants, and its fertility is better than, at least the same as, those applying compost or chemical fertilizer. The application rate may be about double for more production. More than that is not appropriate for its production, and its side-effects: the plant blastment and the possibility of the pollution of the underground water.
Applying the dry poultry manure in the acequia between two row in field. The changing ranges on the pH value, conductivity, and the quantity of organic matter the soil in acequia are larger than those of the soil between two plants. The more the application rate of the dry poultry manure or the poultry compost, the higher the quantity of organic matter and pH value of the soil. When the application rate of the dry poultry manure is up to 100 T/ha, the conductivity of the soil in the acequia is high to 5.88 dS m-1, which is above 4 dSm-1 and causes salinization for the plants. However, the conductivity of the soil between two plants has its highest value of 3 dS m-1. It shows that application of the dry poultry manure is not relatively easy to have the problems about the plant blastment or salinization for the plants if is used. There are no large differences between applying bio-agent to the dry poultry manure or with the application day(0, 10, 20, 30days) before planting in the pot experiment. There is same effect on various application day(0, 7, 14days)of corn field experiment. Therefore, the ways may be used as long as the application rate of the dry poultry manure is appropriate, and the addition of bio-agent is not necessary.
With respect to the plant blastment is in the normal ranges for all and without the plant toxic problems on accumulation of heavy metals. Especially the concentrations of copper in the plant are very low for both applications of the dry poultry manure and of poultry compost although the concentration of zinc in the plant is a little higher for the former.
In the aspect of environmental sanitary, the for 100 g/kg of the dry poultry manure that ammonium gas concentration is directly applied in 8 cm from the ground is half of the of mixed application. It will not attract fly when the application rate is 50 g/kg or below. During the 5-day period after applied the dry poultry manure into the field by using in the acequia and bespreading soil. The concentration ammonia in air is all under 0.15 mgL-1, which is far under the legal standard 1 mgL-1.
In conclusion, the above application method of the dry poultry manure, instead of the poultry compost, directly into the field can be a reasonable, safe and hygienic method of recycling.
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