| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立高雄師範大學 === 成人教育研究所在職專班 === 92 === Abstract
The main purpose of this research is in the investigation of role stress of junior middle school and elementary school principals and the stress coping strategies after the educational reformation where the schools are facing organization change. The research took 538 present principals of public junior middle schools and elementary schools in Kaohsiung County, Kaohsiung City and Pingtung County. Stratified random sampling was conducted based on the ratios of number of junior middle schools and same of elementary school and selected 320 principals (about 60% of the total groups) for questionnaire investigation. There are 272 effective samples recovered, with the recovery rate of 85%. The tool of the research is “Research Questionnaire for Relationship between Role Stress and Coping Strategies of Junior Middle Schools and Elementary School under Organization Changes” developed by the researcher. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS Statistical Software in arithmetic mean, standard difference, t-test, One-way Anova and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation were applied to validate the assumptions.
The Issues and Assumption of the general research and major findings and results of the research were concluded into the followings:
1. Under organization change, principals of junior middle schools and elementary school have sensed medium level role pressure, in which, the gap between ideal and reality, and role conflict are higher. The heaviest role stress came from the Principal Selection System.
2. The use frequency of Stress Coping Strategies of Principals of Junior Middle Schools and Elementary Schools under Organization Change is at the high side, which is most frequently applied in solving problems.
3. Under organization change, principals of 56 years old or above, less than college education background and served for 5 years or longer and elementary school and rural area have heavier role stress.
4. Under organization change, the stress coping strategies of Principals of Junior Middle Schools and Elementary Schools do not show significant difference following different background variables.
5. Under organization change, in the high and medium groups of role ambiguity and role under-competent, the principals of junior middle schools and elementary schools are less in the frequency of uses of Problem Solving.
6. Under organization change, the high group of Gap between Ideal and Reality, the junior middle school and elementary school, the principals have higher frequency of use of self - adjustment.
7. Under organization change, the role stress (overall) of principals of junior middle schools and elementary schools is higher frequently used of escape and procrastination when the stress is heavier in the 5 stratifications.
8. Under organization change, the use frequencies of Coping Strategy (Overall) are higher when the stress in Gap between Ideal and Reality, Role Conflict, Role Stress (Overall) are higher.
According to the conclusion of research, we have come up with the following suggestions for the reference of education administration agencies, principals of junior middle school and elementary school, as well as future researchers.
1. Suggestions for Education Administration Agencies
(1) Establish fluent network feedback system to monitor the practical issued in the education premises to improve the role stress of principals resulted from the gap between ideal and reality.
(2) Set up the authorities and duties of principals and provide ideal school development modes to relax the stress of principals resulted from role conflict and role ambiguity.
(3) Establish perfect Principal Appraisal System and Rewarding Measures to reduce the role stress resulted from the under-coverage of Principal Selection System.
(4) Encourage principals of 56 years old and above, less than college education, served for 13 years or longer, elementary school and rural areas to participate in returning to receive on-the-job training or the professional growth workshop to reduce the stress generated from role under-competent.
2. Suggestions for principals of junior middle school and elementary school
(1) Use vision leadership, participating leadership and team leadership to improve the role stress of Gap between Ideal and Reality brought about from the school organization ecology changes.
(2) Establish the authorities, duties, operation flow and integration mechanism of various branches within the school so as to reduce the role conflict and role overload stress brought about by ambiguous authorities and duties.
(3) Build up sound public relationships with communities to solve the role stress brought about by community relationship.
(4) Establish the mutual supporting system among principals to relax the role stress of principals.
(5) Flexibly use stress coping strategies, particularly when facing difficult role stress and may use self-adjustment coping strategies.
(6) Enhancing soul, self-growth, promote effectiveness to reduce the frequency of use of escape and procrastination.
3. Suggestions for future researchers
Suggestions are given for future researchers separately in field of objects of research, research tool, research variables and research methods.
Key Words: Organization Change, Role Stress, Coping Strategy, Junior Middle School, Elementary School, Principal.
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