| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立東華大學 === 企業管理學系 === 92 === －Abstract－
With the rapid development of technologies, sometimes it does not bring more welfare to the society, but more disasters. With more information in our hands, this does not represent more understanding to the overall situation, but it brings more uncertainty. How to face this constantly changing and contradicting situation? This study started to collect data and processed them in order to understand more about crisis management and try to formulate a tentative model
that could be used in organizational crisis.
This research is aiming to find all the strategies that an organization can use to overcome crisis. There are different kinds of crisis as well as different methods to tackle them. Accordingly, this study has classified crisis into different categories according to its nature, and figured out with different strategy to
overcome each crisis.
Some common characteristics are found about crisis:
1.Unexpected: the causes of crisis are covered until they reach maturity and
explode unexpectedly.
2.Uncertainty: when crisis happens, it is difficult to find out the cause
immediately, with many wrong information and gossips around, it is very
difficult for the decision maker to make a right decision.
3.Time Pressure: if a crisis is not treated properly, with the passing of time, it may cause more damage and severe loss. How to stop crisis? It will depends on the decision maker to come out with the proper action plan within a short
period of time.
Crisis has been classified by many experts in different research or studies. This paper is classifying crisis depending on two main dimensions: the losses
assumed by the organization and the level of organizational control. Using these two dimensions, crisis is then divided into six types: A, B, C, D, E, and F.
Organization crisis has its life cycle similar to any organism. It has different stages, it begins to appear, grow, mature, explode, and decline. Crisis has different characteristics in each stage; therefore, different strategy thinking should be implemented in each stage. This research has found different responsive methods according to each stage, and for each period of the crisis life cycle: detection period, analysis period, preparation period, reaction period, and recovery period.
Prevention strategies are mentioned in order to exclude crisis. Prepared strategy is used in detection, analysis, and preparation periods. Fixing strategy is mentioned in reaction period and recovery period. The main purpose of prepared strategy is to find out and fix all weaknesses of the organization, it could increase the organizational capability to overcome crisis and decrease the possibility of
occurrence. Fixing strategy focuses on establishing a fast reacting team to control the crisis, reduce its damages, and start the fixing processes to get back to the
normal situation.
This research also provides ten different cases, each case is analyzed and compared using those foregoing strategies. Strategies mentioned such as prevention strategy, preparation strategy, and fixing strategy are helpful to prevent organizational crisis. This paper would contribute to either theoretical researchers or practitioners who may need to tackle crisis problems.
Key Word：Crisis Management, Crisis Category, Crisis Strategy, Prevention Strategy, Prepared Strategy, Fixing Strategy.
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