| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 藝術研究所 === 92 === In the previous studies of the Ideology of German Expressionist playwright Ernst Toller’s plays such as William Willibrand, Michael Ossar and Richard Dove, all their interpretation differ. Willbrand considered that Toller’s ideology is the tradition value of the stians , Ossar considered Toller as an Anarchist and Dove considered Toller’s ideology is ‘Revolutionary Socialism’. This study is based on all these previous studies and gives a new interpretation to Ernst Toller, to interpret Toller’s ideology in four plays: ‘Transformation’, ‘Masses and man’, ‘Hinkmann’ and ‘Hoppla! We are alive!’ as Humanism. This interpretation is based on two reasions:
1. The definition of Humanism makes Humanism differ from the Super Naturism and the Naturism . In Toller’s plays, we can see Toller is against to the Super Naturists and the Naturists. Ossar considered Toller is an Anarchist because he was influenced by Gustav Landuer, and Landuer was influenced by Peter Kropotkin. But Landuer and Toller disliked to Kropotkin, Kropotkin was devoting himself to the Anarchism of Naturalism, but Landuer and Toller were not.
2. Albert William Levi considered that the two German playwrights: Georg Büchner and Bertolt Brecht could be treated as a context of the dramas of Humanism in his study ‘Humanism and Politics’ in the 1960s. Chen-HuiMing in a recent study believe that Toller’s play ‘Masses and Man’ presents the same meanings as a revolutionary drama text as Büchner and Brecht.
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