| Summary: | 碩士 === 朝陽科技大學 === 環境工程與管理系碩士班 === 92 === The discussion of external effects associated with economic activities is highly related to the deterioration of local air quality. There are lots of benefits of economic promotion that can be estimated through the production or consumption of the economic individuals (i.e. manufacturers or consumers). However, it is not easy to weigh welfare losses caused by air quality deterioration. In order to identify the external effect, this research performs an assessment of the environmental externalities of SO2 in Tai-chung Metropolitan Area.
An impact pathway approach (IPA) based on the European ExternE project was employed to evaluate the environmental impacts caused by SO2 emission. The framework of impact pathway approach has been developed to evaluate the externalities of electricity generation. It is a sequential pathway, so that emissions can be quantified, analyzed and evaluated. Nevertheless, it also needs a large amount of data to input into the model. At first, the quantity of SO2 pollutants in the studied area was estimated and allocated appropriately to each small grid. Then, air quality data was collected from the monitoring station of environmental protection administration. These data was used to estimate the dosage of exposing and the weight of SO2 through the geographic statistics (Ordinary Kriging) of the geographical information system (GIS) method.
The results showed that the highest external damage caused by SO2 occurs in Longjing. It causes acute mortality about 681 YOLL and respiratory hospital admission 260 cases in 2002. After the monetary valuation of impacts, the damage cost is 123 NTD per kilogram. Compared with the current pollution fee of 12 NTD per kilogram of SO2, it needs more cost to compensate the damage cased by the power plant.
In Tai-chung metropolitan area, the damage cost of SO2 is about 80 NTD per kilogram emitted. This equals the external cost about 1053 NTD per person estimated in 2002. The overall economic benefits losses were more than 4,600 million NTD. The results of this research can be used as the reference for the government to make rational decision in internalization.
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