| Summary: | 碩士 === 元智大學 === 資訊社會學研究所 === 91 === In the last two years, many companies have announced that they are developing navigation, information and emergency products and services for in-vehicle use。The increasing market interest in wireless location services has been accompanied by heightened consumer concern about how location information derived from providing these services is used.
Location information is a kind of new personal information derived from location services, it can be more than just the data expressing the location of an object. It can also include other additional information that can be necessary for using the location data, for improving the location measurement, or for bringing additional value to the location data. Such information is e.g. the velocity of the positioned object, the direction the object is moving in, the orientation of the object, etc.. .In addition, it has two special characteristics：”moving” and ”path”. Location alone usually means nothing but a “point” somewhere. However, when associated with a meaningful target such as a person, the location is potentially private or sensitive.
In October 1999, Congress enacted the Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999, which amended the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and declared location information derived by telecommunications carriers from telecommunications services to be "customer proprietary network information." The wireless act requires that location information, as customer proprietary information, must be disclosed to anyone the customer designates by written consent but does not explain how, when or at what cost this information must be made available. FCC entitled "Privacy of customer information, and it''s regulations clarifying the privacy requirements for CPNI. U.S. West challenges the FCC''s chosen approval process, claiming it violates the First Amendment by restricting its ability to engage in commercial speech with customers. From this moment on, opt-in or opt-out, what kind of mechanisms should be selected for manage the use of CPNI became important issue.
The study explore a case of U.S. and laws of EU and Finland, and expect to find the best mechanism for location information privacy。
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