| Summary: | 碩士 === 臺東師範學院 === 教育研究所 === 91 === In Taiwan, the previous study on the causal relation of cultural capital, social capital, academic achievement and achievement aspiration often take the cross section data into analysis. But that direction of causal relation is constructed by the purpose of study. No study can clarify the true causal relation─which variable is the cause or which one is the outcome? Therefore, it is necessary to take the longitudinal data of the different time points into the advanced analysis to clarify the true casual relation─to find out the direction and strength of influences among variables.
This study takes the data from “Questionnaire Survey of Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow of Students in NTTTC” (1) and (2) into the further longitudinal data and has several findings as follow：
（1）As to the causal directions of academic achievement and achievement aspiration, this study finds “the educational aspiration influences academic achievement, rather than academic achievement influences educational aspiration”. That result is consistent with previous findings─the higher SES, the higher children’s educational aspiration, and the higher their educational achievement. But that is different from the hypothesis of Wisconsin Model－the high academic achievement can elevate the achievement aspiration. Besides, no significant causal relation exists between students’ academic achievement and occupational aspiration.
（2）As to the causal directions of cultural capital and social capital, the hypotheses of reciprocal causation in this study are almost supported, such as “the causal direction of students’ cultural variety and interaction with peers is reciprocal”, “The refined culture of students positively influences their interaction with parents and teachers” and “the positive interaction with teachers and parents promote them to own more refined culture”. Nevertheless, this study also finds no significant causal relation exists between students’ refined culture and their interaction with peers. The higher refined cultural capital and the positive interaction with parents-teachers are favorable for students’ academic achievement and achievement aspiration. In contrast, the negative cultural capital, the cultural variety, as well as the positive interaction with peers are unfavorable for their academic achievement.
（3）As to the aspect of gender, this study also finds the female academic achievement is better than male one. That phenomenon can be attributed to the following reason─female owns higher refined culture, lower negative culture and cultural variety than male. But their achievement aspiration is worse than male one. The result probably reflects the females are afraid of the unfavorable influences in the process of their pursuing success, so they are inclined to show lower achievement aspiration.
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