| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中山大學 === 人力資源管理研究所 === 91 === Abstract
The history of Private Security Industry in Taiwan has been twenty-five years till now. Private security guards are not only the major support to governmental police force but also the labor market in demand now in spite of the work force surplus in other industries caused by economic depression. The development of private security industry is still at developing stage so that some organizations’ policies and systems are not complete and sound enough. In addition, the demographics of employees in this industry are different from those in others. Majority of them are low-level educational or unemployed older workers. They chose this low entry-barrier occupation in order to solve economic plight but find no aspiration for or don’t adapt to this position after working for a while. The issues discussed above have been affected private security guards’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Few of the foreign and domestic studies on private security industry focused on behavioral issue and were conducted quantitatively. The purposes of this study were to measure work values, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of private security guards and to examine the effect of work values on those two work attitudes. Due to most of private security guards are older workers, in this study age has divided into four categories with the reference of the Bureau of Accounting & Statistics as following: young aged（below 25）, middle aged（26-45）, senior aged（46-65）, and old aged（above 66）. Data collected from a questionnaire survey of 967 private security guards in southern part of Taiwan was analyzed using the statistical techniques of crosstab, descriptive statistics analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical regression. The results indicates:
1.Most of private security guards are reemployed; most of their previous positions are at non-managerial levels; previous tenure are mainly below 15 years; most of them engaged in service industry; the main reason of last separation for all of them was voluntary separation, but for the senior aged it was factory or business shut down; the first reason of present employment is basically to support family economy.
2.Private security guards emphasize most on the work value of “the orientation of organizational security and economy” but least on “the orientation of stability and free from anxiety ”; they have greatest “intrinsic job satisfaction” but least “extrinsic job satisfaction”; they have highest “affective commitment” but lowest “continuous commitment”.
3.The occupation of a private security guard should possesses the work values of higher “orientation of social interaction” and lower “orientation of stability and free from anxiety”. Employers might take the work values orientation into consideration in the process of recruiting and selecting.
4.Senior aged private security guards have higher affective commitment and normative commitment than the young and middle aged.
5.Among work values, “the orientation of self-realization, the orientation of esteem, and the orientation of stability and free from anxiety” had significant positive effect on job satisfaction； “the orientation of organizational security and economy” had significant negative effect on job satisfaction; “the orientation of esteem” has significant positive effect on organizational commitment; “the orientation of social interaction” had significant positive effect on affective commitment; “the orientation of stability and free from anxiety” had significant negative effect on affective commitment, but significant positive effect on continuous commitment. Private security company employers might regard these findings as the direction of modifying organization policies to improve employee’s work attitudes.
Key words: Private Security guard, work values, job attitude, job satisfaction, organizational commitment
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