| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立高雄師範大學 === 成人教育研究所 === 91 === Co-operative movement rooted in 19th century in Europe. It surfaced as a response to changing social conditions. In1844, the Rochdale co-operatives in Britain are supposed to be the most well-known of all the co-operatives. News of these co-operatives spread to Canada through immigrants, reporters and visitors. Many of the conditions that farmers and workers faced in Canada in 20th are similar to those happened in Europe in 19th. Many Canadians believed the co-operative method of dealing business could be employed to solve their social and economic problems.
Unique characteristics of co-operatives , and the concern for education makes them different from other economic institutes in society. Especially, Antigonish Movement which took place in1920s in Nova Scotia is honored to be the most outstanding education contribution Canada has made to the world. Primary, the first stage of Antigonish Movement was happened before 1928.Father Jimmy Tompkins was the most important figure. He worked hard and took adult education as a method to help the poors since he was a vice-president of St. Xavier University in 1912. With the establishment of the Extension Department of St. Xavier University at Antigonish in 1928, Moses Michael Coady was appointed as a director. Since then, the movement gained more strength and moved to the second stage.
To combine adult education with co-operative movement is the most unique character of Antigonish Movement. Adult education made the humble people gain power ,what’s more is to reflect of themselves and take action to improve their social and economic conditions. The method of adult education used in Antigonish Movement varied. Mass meetings, study clubs, leaders programs and radio studies were parts of them. Especially, mass meetings and study clubs were trademarks of Antigonish Movement for that mass meetings had something to do with perspective transformation, and study clubs were the main educational lever.
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