| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立嘉義大學 === 林業研究所 === 91 === Floral phenology and pollination ecology
of Ficus ampelas Burm. at Chiayi
Abstract
This study investigates the morphology of syconium, phenology, crop cycles of Ficus ampelas, and the life cycle of its obligate pollinator fig wasp（Kradibia sumatrana）for their symbiosis phenomena . There are one to four crops of synconia each year in both female and male trees, among which a main summer and a second autumn crop on the female trees；a main summer and a second spring crop on the male trees are the most evident. And there is a temporal gap of one month between female’s and male’s main crops. The occurrences of the D phase of male figs fit with the B phase of both female and male figs . The fruiting phenology of Ficus ampelas is closely correlated with temperature and rain fall of its habitat.
The female syconia of Ficus ampelas are composed of long-style female flowers only. In contrast, the male syconia are composed of male flowers and short-style female flowers. The specific structures of the long-style and short-style female flowers are evidently helpful in pollination and oviposition respectively, with the obligate pollinator, Kradibia sumatrana, maintaining and strengthening the symbiotic relationship between these 2 organisms.
Five species of fig wasps, namely Kradibia sumatrana,Philotrypesis jacobsoni, Sycoryctes spp. (2 species) and Epichrysomallinae sp. ( 1 species). The obligate pollinator Kradibia sumatrana has sternal corbiculae, and therefore is assumed to conduct active pollination for it's host plant. Furthermore, the results of this study that showed the non-pollinators, Philotrypesis jacobsoni and Sycoryctes spp., appeared along with the pollinators. They penetrated their ovipositors through the wall of interflorence phase figs and laid eggs. The presence of Philotrypesis jacobsoni would greatly reduce the number of pollinators and therefore had a negative impact on the mutualism between Ficus ampelas and it's pollinators.
【Key words】 Ficus ampelas Burm. , floral phenology , fig wasps , syconium morphology.
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