| Summary: | 博士 === 國立彰化師範大學 === 特殊教育研究所 === 91 === Abstract
The purpose of present study was to investigate the handwriting problems of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Present study was composed of three parts. In the first part, Handwriting Problem Questionnaire for Children (HPQC) was developed and utilized to find out the subtypes of handwriting deficit. Handwriting problem was classified according to its inherent characteristics. In the second part, the differences of handwriting related perceptual -motor skills between DCD and non-DCD children were compared. In the third part, the automation and motor control characteristics of children with handwriting deficits were further explored.
The results of the first part revealed that HPQC was composed of five dimensions, including legibility, accuracy, speed, grip ergonomics and directionality. According to the severity in different dimensions, 209 children with handwriting deficit can be attributed to mild, moderate, severe, motor impairment, and cognitive learning dysfunction subtypes.
The results of the second part indicated that there was significant difference between DCD and non-DCD children on the manifestation of handwriting problem. Children with DCD were prone to the problems of legibility, speed and grip ergonomics. The results also indicated the majority of motor impairment subtype was children with DCD, whereas the majority of cognitive learning subtype was non-DCD children. Furthermore, the DCD children lagged behind the non-DCD children on the fine motor skill. Besides, the perceptual function was also found to be inferior in both groups. The results of the third part revealed the automation of handwriting was remarkably slow in children with DCD or motor impairment subtype. It indicated the motor deficit would reflect on the difficulty in the learning of handwriting. In the motor control of handwriting, children with DCD may use phasic stiffness as strategy in writing simple words, but it was not found in writing complex words. It indicated the impairment of motor learning and motor control was the major causation of handwriting deficit in children with DCD.
In summary, handwriting deficits can be classified into different subtypes. According to the subtypes and the inherent deficit of children, the etiology of handwriting deficit can be identified. This study inferred when feedback training of handwriting speed and pressure control is administered and the improvement in motor planning and eye-hand coordination is attained, the handwriting problem of DCD children would be am
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