| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中正大學 === 社會福利系 === 91 === As the politics and economics developed, the central government has provided the projected social welfare subsidy since 1989. The granted issues and budgets rose year by year. For a decade, the central government attempted to legislate for the social welfare, and guide local governments to play a part in setting central policies into action by the means of the projected subsidies. A vigorous development of the nation-wide social welfare was triggered.
Under the central meritocracy, the denunciation of the central government for the focused power and budgets was heard quite often. To fulfill the communalism, raise the efficiency of the subsidies, and control the expanded budgets asked from local governments, Directorate-General of Budget Accounting and Statics (DGBAS) started to drive the block-granted system on its way in 2001. This block-granted system gives local governments an integrated budget instead of the case-by-case proposed subsidies. Its concept is identical to the global budgeting of the National Health Insurance. Indeed, it''s an important transition for the financial and business authority of the central and local governments. And further analyses are definitely needed.
This thesis makes use of many perspectives on the welfare economics, pubic administration, new public management, welfare finance, and budget reformation. It is orientated as the qualitative analysis carried out by questionary survey, interview, documentation, and analyzing budget data as follows:
1.With structural options and open questionary survey, I have an investigation or interview with the financial, accounting, and social welfare workers in the central and local governments.
2. Because the budget system is the main method for the allocation of the public resources, I try to assay the variation of the social welfare budget during two years before and three years after the commencement of the block-granted system with the information of the local-government social welfare core funds subsidized by the central government in 1999 and 2000 and the budgets of local governments from 1999 to 2003.
Discoveries:
1. After the implementation of the block-granted system, more local governments budget for social welfare based on global budgeting. And the finance related department plays a more important role in social welfare budget.
2.Most administrators of the social bureau in local governments think that the block-granted system can reduce the flow path of the processes, help them predict the budget next year, and allow them to map out the welfare works and budgets in advance. The autonomy and flexibility have been increasing. However, the total amounts from the block-granted system are not enough, and local governments have financial problems in common, so these administrators don''t believe the system can really satisfy the citizens.
3. Although the financial situation is severe and the resources are decreased, the grading mechanism of the block-granted system still focuses the social welfare resources into legislative items. Besides, the divergences between local governments have been cut down.
4. In the use of social welfare resources, no matter what viewpoints, such as Utilitarianism, Liberalism and Communitarianism, we take, the efficiency is basically increased, but the fairness slightly regressed in the first two years since block-granted system was started. And until 2003, the justice begins to be improved.
5. About the execution of social welfare policies, the independence of local governments is indeed raised. The grading mechanism makes the budgets of legislative items slightly increase with comparison to the budgets before the implementation of block-granted system. We can figure that the central and local governments begin to have interaction when promoting the policies.
6. In the aspect of the role playing, local governments gradually stop the elderly living allowance, which is now granted by the central government. The financial and business authority of the works which take means tests such as social assistance, low and medium living and take-care assistance, and social welfare service are now incorporated into local governments. This is a proper division for the central and local governments.
7.The basic protection is still insufficient for the disadvantaged such as children, teenagers, women, and the family of low and medium income. A constant attention should be paid on the resources put to them. And we should notice whether the resources for the disabilities satisfy the increment of the disabled population.
Suggestions:
Block-granted system makes the division of the central and local governments more explicit and appropriate. In the future, however, in the area of the social assistance and the welfare of the disadvantaged minority, the responsibilities will belong to local governments. Until now, local governments are still lack of complete network for the disadvantaged and sufficient delivery of the social welfare service. Especially, the children''s social resources in low-and-medium family are really deficient, and the atmosphere tends to blame this on their family. The conservatism dominates. Besides, for the pressure of the political competition and the elective checks, resources are likely to be thrown into those issues with lower priorities. So here are some suggestions to the central and local governments. Increase the budgets as soon as possible and prioritize the construction of the network for the disadvantaged. This will conform to the efficiency and justice of the social welfare resources, and help us face the strike from globalization.
Key words: social welfare budget, social welfare resources allocation, block-granted system, new public management, budget reformation,projected subsidy
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