大陸銀行體制改革之研究(1979~2001)

• Main Author: 陳裕達
• Other Authors: 陳德昇
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2002
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82780794817659093340

碩士 === 中國文化大學 === 中國大陸研究所 === 90 === Abstract This study focuses on reforms of the PRC’s banking system between 1949 and 2001 within the conceptual framework of economic transition. Using the institutional approach, the study draws on documentary evidence. In the twenty years that China’s banking system has been developing, there have been three main reforms. These reforms promoted China’s banking system from the mono-bank system to a synthesis bank system gradually. First, the 「bo gai dai」 policy normalized the operation of China’s banks. Second, 「Rebuilt Central Bank」、「Independent State-Owned Banks」 transformed China’s former bank system into the embryo of the synthetic bank system. Finally, as China opened its market gradually, this policy helped diversify its banking system. But this transformation process did not really change the bureaucratic system of China’s banks, and brought in present banking problems, like bad loans. Besides, China’s entry into the WTO will force its banks to face new challenges and effects. It also highlights the problems Chinese government needs to solve. The findings of this study include：1) Because of the monopolization of the four biggest state-owned banks, the resulting reduction of the competition of China’s banks will bring disorderliness to financial operations and weaken financial supervision. 2) The banking reforms lack of internal and external power. After entry into the WTO, foreign banks will promote the speeding of reform. 3) Entry into the WTO will change the original banking system, and reforms will affect all aspects of professional work and operation. It will improve the integration with the financial market. 4) After entry into the WTO, China’s banking sector will have to open. In order to solve the effects of foreign banks, China will have to digest the banks’ bad loans, and it will break down. Banking is one of the industries that will face the greatest challenges and will call for direct and deep reform, after China’s entry into the WTO. On one hand, entry into WTO will bring external competition and stimulation to China banks’ reform and development. This will be conducive to learn foreign banking techniques for China’ banks. It will accelerate the reform of state-owned enterprises. It will draw foreign capitals to China. It will help expand China’s banks’ international operations, in accordance with the regulation of WTO. On the other hand, entry into WTO will bring great challenges to China’s banks: as foreign banks enter China it will be more difficult for the Chinese government to control monetary policy, China’s banks will lose some markets and China’s financial supervision will face an ordeal. Finally, China’s banks will also lose some outstanding talents. Therefore, China should adjust to the regulation of WTO, and provide appropriate protection. China should make the best of this opportunity for banking reforms, and raise its level of international competition. Reforms will then show their effects.