Effects of item-specific and relational information on false memory

• Main Authors: Huang, Chin-Lan, 黃金蘭
• Other Authors: Cheng, Chao-Ming
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2002
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93366005466548406240

博士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 心理學研究所 === 90 === False memory has been a topic of great attention recently. Most studies have adopted the DRM paradigm developed by Roediger & McDermott (1995). Most explanation accounts are also built on the nature of semantic relatedness. For example, fuzzy trace theory (Brainerd & Reyna, 1998, Reyna & Brainerd, 1995), a frequently cited theory, is only applicable when semantically related materials were used. The present thesis argued that item-specific/relational framework (Hunt & Einstein, 1981; Hunt & McDaniel, 1993) can account for both perceptual and semantic false memory. The effects of level of processing (LoP) on false memory were investigated with both perceptually related list (experiment 1) and semantically related list (experiment 2). Adopting a conservative measure in which only the response rate of point 4 on four-point confidence rating scale was included, the experiments demonstrated a positive LoP effect on semantic false recognition but a reverse effect on perceptual false recognition. The present thesis also showed that compared with processing relational information, item-specific information processing significantly reduced the creation of both perceptual and semantic false recognition (experiment 3 and 4). These results agreed with the prediction of item-specific/relational framework, but were inconsistent with fuzzy-trace theory.