| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺北大學 === 資源管理研究所碩士在職專班 === 90 === Voluntary approaches to pollution control offer certain advantages over mandatory regulations that impose technology restrictions or penalties on firms.
Realization of the escalating cost of environmental protection has led to a re-engineering of environmental policy with a shift in emphasis toward self-regulated environmental management achieved through cooperative partnerships between firms and the EPA.
Overall, the results of this analysis suggest that the effect that the recent increase in the use of voluntary agreements is likely to have on environmental quality depends on a number of factors. It is possible that the overall impact could be positive or negative relative both to the fist best level of abatement and the level that might have been achieved legislatively. Thus ,although VA’s could offer potential cost savings for both regulators firms and hence could generate increases in expected social welfare ,concerns about reductions in environmental quality are likely to be justified if the background threat is small , subsidies are costly , and firms have substantial negotiable power .However, with a strong background threat or low-cost subsidies ,VA’s might protect the environment at least as well as ,and in some cases more than ,optimal legislative mandates ,while at the same time realizing cost savings for both regulators and firms.
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