| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 體育研究所 === 90 === Ecological-based motor development studies focus on movement patterns resulting from interactions of environment, task, and organism. The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of height of balance beam and age differences on walking patterns. Based on Gibson’s affordances concept, the degree of difficulty in movement setting might determine one’s movement patterns. Effects of affordances also depend on the developmental level of organism. Therefore, it was hypothesized that: (1) as age increased, effects of changes of different relative height were getting smaller, and walking patterns would change from alternating steps to non-alternating steps as a function of relative heights, (2) transitions in different levels of difficulty of environment were changed as a function of age, and the 3-5 yrs. group was expected to be the most affected one. Fifteen children and adults served as participants whom were categorized into three groups. Average ages of each group were 22yrs. 3mons., 9yrs. 1mons., and 4yrs. 3mons. respectively. Step length and frequency of walking patterns were analyzed and calculated at each specific relative height (i.e. 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, 90%, and 100%) by Peak Performance Videotape Analysis System. Differences between alternating steps and non-alternating steps by using systematic observation method on videotapes were also administered. Mixed-designed two-way ANOVA in step length and frequency revealed that (1) environment affected walking patterns as a function of age, and the level of effect was different among age groups, (2) transitions only happened in 3-5 yrs. group.
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