Decision Support System for Emergency Response and Risk Management of Nuclear Power Plants

• Main Authors: Der-Quei Chang, 張得桂
• Other Authors: Ni-Bin Chang
• Format: Others
• Language: en_US
• Published: 2002
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r6adju

碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 環境工程學系碩博士班 === 90 === Lessons learned from Three Mile Island (TMI) accident in the U.S., Mihama SG tube rupture in Japan, and Chernobyl disaster in Russia have resulted in a long-term debate of the operational safety of nuclear power supply. Many industrialized countries have thus initialized a continue effort to develop various types of emergency response systems for the nuclear power plants. Since the population density of Taiwan is so high as on the top in the world, three existing nuclear power plants, located at the coastal areas of Northern and Southern Taiwan, have received wide attention in the public. They have also caused serious concerns of accidental release of radioactive nuclides to the atmosphere that could generate unexpected impacts to neighboring metropolitan regions via the interactions with the complex terrain. Such potential impact demonstrates a need of effective and immediate mitigation measures and control actions through a well-coordinated decision support system (DSS) for risk management and communication. With the aid of latest advanced information technologies, both long-term and short-term multi-scale predictions of the potential impacts from accidental release of various nuclides can be acquired easily for fulfilling the basic functions of real-time emergency preparedness and response as well as risk communication and control. This geographical information system (GIS)-based DSS, Emergency Response and Decision Making System (ERDMS), is basically comprised of four subsystems responsible for forecasting and assessing the events via on-site scale, local scale, regional scale, and essential data queries. The simulation process starts from the beginning when the PCTRAN® and other source-term models have been fully incorporated into ERDMS. Based on the knowledge of prognostic and diagnostic meteorological forecasting analysis, the model base uses two-dimensional and three-dimensional puff dispersion techniques associated with dose, health effects, and demographic models so that accident consequences in local population centers can be determined individually. This DSS owns the capability of 2D and 3D animation of the pollutant transport and transformation that must be performed based on the integration of remote sensing (RS) and digital terrain modeling (DTM) data, as well as the global positioning system (GPS) for the location identification. Finally, the database in the GIS may even support more essential queries through various spatial analyses to deploy available rescue resources in a regional sense. With these estimates and observations, the decision makers can specify operating procedures that minimize the detrimental effects and permit protective response in the accidental event with confidence.