| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 建築學系專班 === 90 === Elementary and junior high schools are the best targets for promoting the green building design, seeing that their constructions are legion and school grounds are broad enough for student ecological education. However, data regarding school green building in the past was scant to make it unable to evaluate if the green building levels at current elementary and junior high schools comply with the standards of modern green building. Therefore, it is an important task to do the basic ecological environment surveys on those elementary and junior high schools for the propagation of green building in Taiwan.
To understand greening work, the ground water-holding capacity, water consumption and electricity consumption at elementary and junior high schools, the study carried out a hands-on research on 52 elementary and junior high schools in Taiwan, and the utilizing water and electricity consumption data obtained from 35 elementary schools and 17 junior schools in Tainan City for analyzing current consumption levels and critical factors, which greatly influence current conditions. The study applies those critical factors as bases for analyzing the evaluation differences of greening and the ground water-holding capacity between elementary and junior high schools and other kinds of constructions, and proposes follow-up antidotes as the references to future construction works of elementary and junior high schools.
The results of our survey show that correlative coefficients of determination R2 of the area of school ground and the number of students of elementary/junior high schools are 0.1561 and 0.0155, respectively. It illustrates that general elementary and junior high schools do not enroll students based on their school ground sizes to lead to disparity in student densities among those schools and further affect the effect of greening work and the ground water-holding capacity of each school. To assure that those schools provide with sufficient playgrounds for student activities, the study suggests that the playground factor of a elementary or a junior high school should be considered as an calculation indicator for its greening work and the ground water-holding capacity. That is, the building greening indicator of a elementary or a junior high school should be calculated using the area of the school ground to deduct the area of playground; the standard value of the building coverage rate to be a fixed 50%; the standard value of the ground water-holding capacity to be a fixed 0.5. The study, in the aspect of water consumption of elementary and junior high schools, utilizes three variables, which are the number of students, the area of school ground and the possession of swimming pool, for carrying out multiple-regression analysis on the number of consumed water units and coming out correlative coefficients of determination R2 of elementary schools and the junior high schools are 0.638 and 0.712, respectively; the results show that there is a close relationship among the number of students, the area of school ground and the possession of swimming pool to the number of consumed water units. As for the aspect of electricity consumption of elementary and junior high schools, the study comes out correlative coefficients of determination R2 of the number of consumed electricity units and the number of students at elementary schools and at junior high schools are 0.808 and 0.916, respectively; whereas correlative coefficients of determination R2 of the number of consumed electricity units and the number of classes at elementary schools and at junior high schools are 0.798 and 0.928, respectively. The results show that there is a close relationship between the number of students and the number of classes to the number of consumed electricity units. However, considering that activities at both elementary schools and the junior high schools are carried out with team play and small-scale schools usually fail to reach the standard number of students in each class, it is appropriate for applying the number of classes to be the indicator for estimating the variable of electricity consumption. In addition, the gaps between the highest and lowest consumed electricity units of each month reach to 60% and above on average among those schools with considerable frequency of using air-conditioning or with high utilization of central air-conditioners, it means that air-condition consumption is also one of the critical factors to influence electricity consumption at elementary and junior high schools.
At last, the study proposes suggestions and antidotes for those critical factors, which have impacts on current condition, including the greening levels of the greening area, the kinds of growing plants and ecological forestation; the levels of the ground water-holding capacity of the permeating plane ratio, the garden area of the artificial land and the storage design of play ground; the water consumption levels of the number of students(water consumed by students), the area of the school ground (irrigative water) and swimming pool consumption; and the class electricity consumption levels(lighting and ventilation) and the electricity load decrease in air-conditioning.
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