| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 農藝學系 === 90 === To study populational variation of seedling characters of Taiwan-white（TNW） maize populations, eight Taiwan-white maize populations collected from Taichung, Yunlin, Tainan, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien, Taipei and Kaohsiung areas were planted at Taichung, and then, we selected randomly two hundred seeds from every population as materials to sow at 12㎝ and investigate the seedling characters after sowed ten days. The results showed that mesocotyl length, coleoptile length, 1st leaf blade length, 2nd leaf blade length, 1st leaf sheath length, 2nd leaf sheath length and seedling length were significantly different among populations. On the other hand, calculation of the generalized coefficient of phenotypic variation (GCPV) of the variation population reveals richer genetic diversity among the various populations. The results indicate that various Taiwan-white maize populations differ genetically by seedling characters sowed at 12㎝.
However, evaluation of inbred lines of seedling characters in different region, using ANOVA, shows mesocotyl length, coleoptile length, 1st leaf sheath length and seedling length of tested seedling characters have significant difference, and inbred lines within region of population also shows seedling characters have genetic diversity at the same time.
To study on genetics of deep seeding tolerance of TNW maize populations, 12 S5-selected inbred lines from various populations in Taiwan were used in this study. The inbred lines were crossed following a half diallel mating design producing 78 F1. Significant differences in tested traits among genotype were observed. Further the combining ability analysis indicated the tested traits are controlled by additive and non-additive allele, however GCA/SCA ratio is 4.28~10.72, this indicates the additive effect is more important than the non-additive effect in the half diallel analysis. In the gene-effect analysis, the dominant effect of seedling length is more important than the additive effect. Mean degree of dominance on seedling length is over dominance. In the other traits, the additive effect and dominant effect control equally and mean degrees of dominance are completely dominance. Respectively, heritability in narrow sense of mesocotyl length, coleoptile length, 1st leaf sheath length and seedling length are 0.51, 0.40, 0.61 and 0.31. The gene pairs of controlled traits are 2, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. And the dominant gene with the effects of increment.
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