| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 土壤環境科學系 === 90 === In Taiwan, the vegetable-fruit markets produce much waste, i.e., vegetable residue. For the time being, it has not completely reused. In fact, this waste contains amount of inorganic nutrients and organic materials and should be appropriately renewable and recycling. It’s a good method to reduce the amount of crop wastes or produce compost and organic fertilizer.
In this research, we collected vegetable wastes from market, to carry out the pesticides selection and ferment digest test. We used multiresidue method to detect the amount of the pesticides residue. In the process of digestion, detect the amount of pesticides and recovery test, we also measured temperature, pH and EC. In order to understand the decay property of vegetable wastes residual pesticides in the storage process and the change of the property and nutrient, also detected organic C, total N and the amount of Ca, Mg, K, Na, and S after digestion. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in summer vegetable wastes from C-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos (O,O -diethyl -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate）is 3.3 μg g-1, SD is about ±10%, IDL is 0.01 μg g-1.. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in winter vegetable wastes from C-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos is 0.18 μg g-1, Monocrotophos （dimethyl（E）-1-methyl -2-( methylcarbamoyl)vinyl phosphate）is 0.25 μg g-1, Methamidophos ( O,S - dimethyl phosphoramidothioate ) is 0.11 μg g-1, Acephate (O,S- dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate) is 0.07 μg g-1, Isoxathion (O,O- diethyl O-5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl phosphorothioate) is 0.41 μg g-1, SD is about ±5% to ±15%. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in winter vegetablwastes from K-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos is 0.3 μg g-1, Monocrotophos is 0.41 μg g-1, Methamidophos is 0.04 μg g-1, Profenofos is 0.17 μg g-1.. The amount of the pesticides residue in the process of leaf digest and recovery test, show that the recovery of select pesticides are between 80% to 120%, SD is ±1% to ±15% . The degradation of Chlorpyrifos in the process of digestion during summer is fast between 21 to 27 days. But the rate of degradation became slow after 27 days. The degradation of Chlorpyrifos, Methamidophos and Isoxathion in the process of digestion during winter is fast because hydrolysis result in digestion between 7 to 21 days. The degradation became slower after 21 days. The pesticides residue time become longer, maybe result from the temperature during winter is colder than summer. The degradation of Monocrotophos was fast, it couldn’t be detect after 21 days. The degradation of Chlorpyrifos is fast in the process of digestion during winter between 0 to 7 days, The degradation became slower after 7 days. The residual time of Methamidophos and Profenofos became more longer. The temperature in the process of fermention was no significant change, pH value after fermention was approach 7. From this research, there are no organochloride pesticides residue such as DDT in the vegetable wastes. Although the vegetable wastes residue organophosphate pesticides, such as Chlorpyrifos, Methamidophos and Profenofos. But they will degradation in the process of fermention. Therefore, after fermention, those vegetable wastes can produce liquid fertilizer or as the organic materials.
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