| Summary: | 碩士 === 銘傳大學 === 公共管理與社區發展研究所碩士在職專班 === 90 === Abstract
This thesis is based on the research of administrative reforms and change of provincial governments in China. Shanghai municipal government has been identified as a case study for the purpose of this thesis, which research methodologies focus on the systems of Shanghai municipal government, associating with literature review and depth interview to conduct an empirical dialogue between reforms of governmental institutions and changes of professional functions.
Shanghai municipal government initiated a series of administrative reforms in 2000, which was based on the instruction on the reform of the Department of the State in Central government in 1988. There are four main reasons for Shanghai municipal government as well as other provincial governments in China to carry out reforms as follows:
1. Increasing numbers of redundant employees and governmental officers have caused a heavy burden on the finance of government at all levels.
2. There is an attempt to promote the change of governmental functions with the reforms of institutions.
3. Reforms are set to meet with the demand of market economy.
4. The systems and structures of the Chinese governments needed an intensive change and modification soon after China joins the World Trade Organization.
The thesis finds eight significant problems that Shanghai municipality has encountered since her reform in 2000 as follows:
1. The most important mission of the reform is how to utterly reinforce the system of supervision.
2. In response to most lay-off employees transferring to the organizations of ruling party or relevant enterprise companies, governments at all levels would conduct a set of reforms, rather than a piecemeal change, in order to get rid of any possible defects.
3. Facing the global challenge from WTO, the success of reforms in public enterprises depends on whether or not theses enterprises deal with the world trend.
4. The success of the reforms of Shanghai municipality is limited because the reform might cause conflict from those formerly owning the power and benefits.
5. The institutional reforms of Shanghai municipality needs be deemed as a specialty, and her effects are not likely duplicated to other provinces or cities, simply because finance of Shanghai is more abundant than other areas in China.
6. What if China cannot achieve reforms on the system of politics simultaneously, though there is a solid result of reforms on the Shanghai market economy, the deep and contrary problems will emerge when economy grows. At the same time, it is not a good sign, if the social and political change can not meet the world trend.
7. The reason for Shanghai to achieve so many infrastructures in a short period of time is due to the fact that Shanghai is under the autocracy of communist system, rather than from the democracy.
8. The big setback for the reconstructing Shanghai municipality is not from capital perspective, but from how to payback in the future.
The thesis offers the evaluation of the effect on the reforms of Shanghai institutions in 2000 as following:
1. Though administrative reforms of the Department of the State is considered as an effective example at organizational level, but it is not likely to provide a model to Shanghai municipality.
2. A tremendous laid-off of the public officers will have made a serious as well as an unavoidable challenge to the political stability.
3. The current network of social welfare in Shanghai is not sufficient to bear the cost of governmental reforms.
4. Adopting an incremental strategy to carry out its reform, China has passed through a stable period of time. However with spanning the scope of its reform, China will face challenge and difficulty in the next phase of reform.
Keywords：The Department of the State, Shanghai municipal government、Institutional reform、Incremental change
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