| Summary: | 碩士 === 淡江大學 === 歐洲研究所 === 89 === Austria is the first nation that departed from the occupation of Soviet Russia and regained its sovereignty. It is located at central Europe that is the heart of Europe. It is a small country that covers an area of 83,859 square kilometers and only has a population of 8 million. After World War two, it was divided into four parts and occupied by the four great power blocs, the United Kingdom, the United States of American, France and Soviet Russia for ten years. They terminated the occupation and admitted that Austria is an independent nation until it concluded the Austria State Treaty with the four power countries on the fifteenth of May in 1955. At the same year, the Austria Congress passed the bill and declared as a permanently neutralized state on the 26th of October. Finally it became an EU-member state on the first of January in 1995.
The purposes of this thesis are:
1. what important factors that impacted Austria trends toward the integration with Europe,
2. what common foreign and security policies of EU,
3.how policies that promoted the relations between Austria and European Integration put into practice and the process of transit,
4.how Austria adjusted her foreign and security policy to ensure the safety herself, 5.why Austria joined the EU as its status of permanent neutrality,
6.what critical points leading Austria marching toward to integrate with Europe Union,
7.what impact on Austria by the Treaty of Maastricht concerns about “foreign and security policy”,
8.how policy changed and what have been considered about joining North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and etc.
During the Cold War, Austria stood up at the strategic location. It was next to the Eastern Communism blocs and the Western neighborhood the democratic countries. However, it stood strongly free from the occupation of Soviet Russia and secured its sovereignty in such precipitous international situation. Simultaneously, it pushed actively its diplomacy and security so that not only controlled successfully the changing opportunities to develop an efficient country but also extended its international relations positively to enhance its national safety and development in the global strategies. It opened more extensive space for existence and gain advantages to ensure the country’s stability and prosperity. This is good example and valuable experience for other tiny countries sharing when situated in unfavorable conditions.
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