| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 環境衛生研究所 === 89 === ABSTRACT
The Ambient Air contains aerosol carbons. The ways of aerosol carbons is very complex. For example the fine particular, most of these are created from the process of combustion. From transportation like the diesel cars, the automobiles and the motorcycle on when burning flues like coal and oil. Besides that, it is also the important source whereby in the Ambient Air a photochemical reaction produces the second organic compound. According to research, in the Ambient Air the particular matter of chemical is composed of carbonaceous materials and water soluble ions as its main components. In the Ambient Air, it is know that EC will be absorbed and distribute light therefore it will decrease vision and even influence the temperature. Many components of OC have unexpected change. Therefore, in recent years, it is more and more important to control EC and OC.
This research uses MOUDI to arbitrate the expel vapor of transportation and the spread characteristics of fine particular of particular matter in atmosphere environment ( EPA general and traffic stations). To proceed to the next step requires analyzing and discussing the mass concentration. Research shows that the general monitoring station average of mass concentration is 72 mg/m3 (day time), 48 mg/m3 (night time) and 53 mg/m3 (all day). The traffic monitoring station is 163 mg/m3 (day time) and 104 mg/m3 (night time). These statistics show that general monitoring station hasn''t reached the discrepancy of statistics for day time, night time or an entire of the day, but the mass concentration during the day time. At traffic monitoring station is obviously bigger then it is at night time. The average mass concentration of expelled vapor for diesel cars is 9166 mg/m3, for a vehicle with two engines it is 3310 mg/m3 and for a vehicle with four engines it is 1257 mg/m3 .
Particles samples were analyzed for element carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) by a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer Equipped with a Solid Sample Module. And discuss the characteristics in different type of ambient air and different component particular matter in emission. According to the characteristics one can hope to understand the affect and contribution of particular matter in Ambient Air and pollution through photochemical reaction and transportation. The research results show that compared to the component of carbon in Ambient Air and Mobile Sources, the four engine monocycle and diesel car have the highest ratio. The ratios 0.45 and 0.43 are parameters which compose 98 ultra unleaded, 1500 rpm and EC/TC of diesel car. The ratio of OC/TC with two engines expels the highest amount of vapor. The range is between 0.82 to 0.92. So , most of particular matter is carbon matter in the expelled vapor from two engines. This is because the two engines motorcycle has a different engine structure than others. In the process of combustion there will be emission of the lubricate engine oil. These engine oils get very high carbon per volume ; so cause the volume of carbon of particular matter to be high for a two engine motorcycle.
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