| Summary: | 博士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 教育心理與輔導研究所 === 89 === The purpose of this study was to explore how the individual contingently uses decision strategies to solve the decision problems. In Study One, the effort/accuracy tradeoff model was used as the framework and the production system was used to model the mental processes of the choice strategies. The concepts of elementary information processing (EIP) and relative accuracy (RA) were also used to measure the effort and accuracy in the decision process. A computer simulation was undertaken to compare different strategies of effort and accuracy in various decision environments. The results suggest that no single strategy did well across all task and context conditions under the consideration of saving effort and gaining high accuracy. The finding indicates that under the higher time pressure and larger task size condition, several heuristic strategies were more accurate than the truncated normative strategy. Therefore, under the consideration of effort and accuracy tradeoff, decision-makers use a variety of strategies contingent upon a number of task and context variables.
In Study Two, the information processing perspective and a process-tracing technique were used to monitor the information acquisition behaviors. One hundred and twenty-four undergraduates participated in the two experiments. The purposes of these two experiments were to test how closely the efficient processing patterns for a given decision problem identified by the simulation correspond to the actual processing behavior exhibited by participants, and to test the task and context variables interaction effects on decision behaviors. ExperimentⅠwas designed to explore the interaction effects among time pressure, numbers of alternative and numbers of attribute on decision behaviors. The results suggest that there was no three-way interaction on information processing behaviors. There were only two-way interactions between time pressure and numbers of alternative, or between time pressure and numbers of attribute on some dependent variables-the amount of information, choice time, information-processing time and searching variation. ExperimentⅡwas undertaken to explore the interaction effects of time pressure and dispersions of weight on decision behaviors. The results suggest that there were no interaction effects on information processing behaviors. In general, actual behavior partly corresponded to the general patterns of efficient processing identified by the simulation.
Finally, these findings and implications were discussed in detail. The directions for future studies were suggested and possible applications were also recommended.
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