| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 化學工程學系 === 89 === Abstract
Many industrial non-ionic surfactants are based on linear polyethers consisting of poly(oxyethylene) as hydrophilic group and poly(oxypropylene) or poly(oxybutylene) as hydrophobic group. If one adds aromatic components into these polyether chain, it could promote interchain reinforcement through π-π interactions. Whereas, when urea or urethane functional groups are introduced into similar polyether structures, they could also provide tighter arrangements between chain through hydrogen bonding. Both of these effects seem desirable if one seeks to prepare an improved polyether surfactant with better-organized surfactant structure.
In this research, we have designed and synthesized several isocyanate prepolymers from diisocyanate, polyether monols, and have subsequently utilized them to synthesize linear, starburst, and comb-shape surfactants. In all these syntheses, the prepolymers made from TDI or IPDI with polyether monols, were synthesized and subjected to specific catalysts and conditions in order to transform them into isocyanate derivatives, such as urethane (linear), isocyanurate (starburst), and Nylon-1 (combs). In addition, a second comb-shape surfactant also has been synthesized from a living free radical polymerization of styrene and HEMA, followed by the addition of isocyanate prepolymers to the OH-groups of the P-styrene/HEMA chain.
All these non-linear surfactants with varied geometric shape were characterized structurally. Their surface activities in water and solutions also have been determined and compared for their relative effectiveness.
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