| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中正大學 === 哲學研究所 === 89 === In this thesis, my aim is to inquire into Rawls’s justification and derivation of the difference principle. My inquiry will be conducted in two parts. In the first part, I discuss the constraints and settings that Rawls puts on the idea of the original position, the effect of reflective equilibrium, and some problems of the hypothetical contract. In the second part, I will examine the issue of whether we should use the maximin rule as the best strategy in Rawls’s original position, and whether we should accept the difference principle when we concede the maximin rule is the best rational strategy in the situation of the choice under uncertainty.
In the conclusion, I argue that the maximin rule is the best rational strategy in the situation of the choice under uncertainty, and I also hold that the maximin rule indeed leads us to Rawls’s difference principle, and to accept the difference principle as the principle of distributive justice regulating the basic structure of society.
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