The Research on The progress of Taiwan’s City Planning(1945-1976)

• Main Author: 賴建良
• Other Authors: 黃武達
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2000
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69471663397593658449

碩士 === 中國文化大學 === 建築及都市計畫研究所 === 88 === The course of the progress of Taiwan’s city planning after our restoration, initially started with the maintenance of city planning laws and projects left over from the Japanese ruling period, and was not until 1964, did our countrymen revise city planning laws or drew up any new city projects. After the restoration, although there were many related researches, but due erroneous write-ups or inappropriate historical data, the results of these researches varied. This research is primarily based on the first hand historical data investigating city planning, and selected relevant historical documents regarding city planning after extensive research on the publications released by the Taiwan Provincial Government. In addition, in order to fully cooperate with the projected historical journal proposal made by the Department of Reconstruction of the former Taiwan Provincial Government, the findings of this research, after compilation, will be classified according to the historical periods, thus rendering a better understanding of the progress of Taiwan’s city planning. The broad definition of “City planning” encompasses demographics, real properties, transportation and urban development. The “city planning historical data” addressed in this research narrowly limits to ancient city planning data, or the creations and revisions of regulations related to city planning as contained in the “communiqué”. Key documents such as the “City Planning Law” published by the national government in Mainland China in 1939, which was simple in its content, and only included regulations in principle. After the restoration, in 1945, the national government publicly declared the continuation of the laws enacted during the Japanese ruling period. Furthermore, the “Items to be Aware of When Practicing City Planning” published by the Ministry of the Interior in 1956, was the interim measure used by the post-restoration Taiwan on city planning. It stipulated that city planning must disclose issues such as time limit, method, city planning map, the charting of area map and its publication. In 1964, the procedure to localize “City Planning Law” was revised and published (the first revision), and drastically altered the formats of the original 32 articles in the city planning law, such as increased the types of city planning to 4 types: city/town, village/street, special area and regional project. The level of city planning was divided into 2 levels: main section and itemized, thus changed the law into a regulation suitable for the local city development in Taiwan. The second revision was in 1973, which enhanced city planning’s installment development, and extended the period of land use for public facilities, the longest being fifteen years. 1976 published the “Enforcement Details of City Planning Law in the Province of Taiwan” and the “Enforcement Details of City Planning Law in the city of Taipei”. It was not until then was the city planning legal statute complete for this province. During this time, the administrative body of city planning projects from the 1946’s “Public Construction Bureau” under the Acting Officer’s Public Mining Department that controlled all administrative matters related to mining throughout the entire Taiwan province, to 1947’s change-over and became the “Taiwan Provincial Government”; the “Department of Reconstruction” was formed too. However, the “Public Construction Bureau” was still handling administrative issues related to city planning and construction management. 1949, the Department of Reconstruction eliminated the Public Construction Bureau, and replaced it with “Land and forest Division” to take over the job. 1958, the “Public Construction Bureau” was re-established, with “City/Town Planning Unit” added to be responsive for the formulation of city planning. In 1969, this unit was changed to “City Planning Formulation Team”. 1973, “City/Town Formulation Department” was created to assist the local government with drafting and appraising of city planning projects. As for city planning committee, the “Every County/City’s City Planning Committee Establishment Method of the Taiwan Province” published in 1948, stipulated the main functions of the various county/city’s city planning committee to the drafting of regional construction projects, and the determination of city renovation projects. 1948, the “Organization Bylaws of the City Planning Committee of the Taiwan Province” published by the provincial government changed the main functions to the evaluation and determination of related city planning proposals. Moreover, the first revision of the city planning law in 1964 again adjusted the organization bylaws of the city planning committee. 1967, the “Standard for Different Levels of City Planning Committee Organizations” published by the Executive Yuan gradually amended the organizational bylaws of the various levels of city planning committees to meet this standard. Other legal statute that related to city planning too gradually was revised to meet the developmental needs of the cities in Taiwan. The establishment process of the city-planning project was mainly divided into two stages. Stage 1 was to uphold the projects during the Japanese ruling period, with the national government to re-appraise, as well as to publish its enactment. Stage 2 was practiced in cooperation with balancing the policy of the rights to city lands with the enforcement of construction projects, as well as to revise city planning proposals for the various 187 villages and towns, and to publish their enforcement gradually, thus building up a framework for the city planning of the entire province. Therefore this research divided the progress of Taiwan’s city planning into “interim period, re-establishment period, build up period”. 1. Interim period (1945-1955): this period used the published laws related to city planning during the Japanese ruling period, as well as maintained the projects of that period as main focus. Hence this was a period concentrated on city renovation and to create a stable society. 2. Re-establishment period (1956-1973): this period focused on revising the city planning law and enriching city planing talents, as well to cooperate with the formation of the organizations responsive for city planning, and to assist with local government with drafting projects. 3. Build-up period (1974-present): after the publication of the detailed enforcement of the Taiwan Province of the city planning law in 1976, Taiwan’s city planning law has been completed and project operations gradually matured, thus this was the period of building-up Taiwan’s city planning standards. Although the above historical periods of the city planning was divided into different phases, with different social backgrounds, but with the revision of the city planning law along with the gradual introductions of related city planning standards, thus became the common denominator for these three different historical phases. In conclusion, speaking in Taiwan’s city developmental history, city planning of the post-restoration Taiwan played the pivotal role in Taiwan’s approach towards “modernization”.