| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立東華大學 === 自然資源管理研究所 === 88 === Taiwan first implemented the natural conservation policy in the early 1970s. However, The central government protected natural areas by strictly limiting the use of natural resources in this area. In later 1980s, more and more local residents and aboriginal natives opposed the project of conservation; illegal actions took place continuously since the lift of Martial Law and the raise of grass-root awareness. At the same time, a number of local communities started to practice conservation act by their own needs and beliefs.
In fact, the tread of International conservation changes with time. In 1980s the people of all over the world noticed the importance of local and NGO''s participation in natural conservation program. When the concept of biodiversity conservation rises in 1990s, people pay much attention to public participation. The decentralization of government''s natural conservation power to other social stakeholders is the realization of decentralization institution we used in natural conservation aspect. The mechanism public participation and make community-co-management natural resource be used effectively, the responsibility be born reasonably and the benefit be shared commonly.
The purpose of this study is to analyze Taiwan''s natural conservation program and policies. Case studies about natural conservation at local levels are discoursed. The study finds that (1) Government authority on natural conservation organization lacks of integrity, and doesn''t care about local participation enough. (2) In the aspect of natural conservation institutions, only Wildlife Conservation Law has partial spirit of decentralize. And The Biodiversity National Report that prepared by the Government doesn''t have planning being issued with decentralization spirit yet. (3) In three community-based natural conservation cases, Tanayiku Ecological Park bring community development and good welfare to the inhabitants, besides it also maintains their traditional culture. But the Park lacks supervision of natural conservation organization, facing tourism impact, and problem of abiding the law. Nantysien Creek Fishery Refuge and Sinwuzu Creek Fishery Refuge have brought economical development to the area and maintained good habitual environment, but the prevailing natural conservation law lacks the norm integrity for decentralization system. Therefore, both cases have some problems about the good use of conservation revenue and the communication of stakeholders. In Taiwan, other local-level natural conservation cases with no fullness of the law, policy, and governmental support, have less extent of development.
Accounting to the study, we have some suggestions, to the ideal purpose for the public participate and community-based natural conservations.
1.Accounting to biodiversity conservation, we have to decentralize the government''s authority on natural conservation, re-edit natural conservational law, and construct "bottom-up" conservation mechanism.
2.Enhance supervision and assistance mechanism on natural conservation, set incentive structure, and build up the shareholder''s communication form with decentralization sanitation.
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