| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立體育學院 === 體育研究所 === 88 === The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of collective efficacy and team cohesion on social loafing and Tug of War ’s performance . Sixty Tug of War ’s teams from 22 elementary schools,including 234 males and 244 females ( mean age = 12.53 ± 0.47 ) participated in this study . Instruments measured subjects ’ collective efficacy with Collective Efficacy Questionnaire and team cohesion with Group
Environment Questionnaire（ GEQ ; Carron , Widmeyer , & Brawley , 1985 ）in the first stage. Following the pen-and-pencil tests , subjects were assessed with their pulling performance under individual and collective conditions. Finally , the author collected subjects’ Tug of War competition records after each tourament. Pearson product-moment correlation found that collective efficacy , team cohesion , social loafing and Tug of War ’s performance were all positively correlated. However , collective efficacy and team cohesion were both negatively correlated with social loafing , and social loafing was negatively correlated with Tug of War ’s performance. Further , a two-way ANOVA analysis found that subjects lower in collective efficacy had higher social loafing and had better performance. Finally , a multiple stepwise regression found that collective efficacy and task cohesion predicteds Tug of War ’s performance .
This study supported the most research hypotheses and theoretical predictions. The author suggested that furture research should extend social loafing theory to other social - psychological constructs such as achievement goal orientations , attribution , and sport enjoyment so to find its theoretical associations.
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