| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 化學工程學系 === 88 === The Mannich reaction of poly(oxyalkylene)amine, alkyl-phenol, and formaldehyde gives a series of mixing products, namely Mannich Bases. The structures of these adducts were constituted of the poly(oxyalkylene) segments, phenols, and amines which identified by GPC, H1-NMR, amine titration etc. These products were divided into two classes according to the nature of products: one is lipophilic Mannich Bases; the other is hydrophilic Mannich Bases. The lipophilic Mannich Bases are water-insoluble. And, the hydrophilic Mannich Bases consist of poly(oxyethylene)-segments which could associate with water. This renders the Mannich Bases hydrophilic water-soluble, and surface-active.
In part one, the lipophilic Mannich Bases were applied on epoxy curing system. The reaction profiles of amine adducts with epoxides were observed in DSC. The results showed that these adducts could lower the reaction temperatures and activation energies. Besides, the cured polymers also had higher Tg, better thermal stability and improved mechanical strength.
In part two, the fundamental surfactancy of hydrophilic Mannich Bases is discussed. These novel surfactants lowered the surface tension of water and interfacial tension of water/toluene (or water/n-hexane) to 31 ~ 33 dyne/cm and 5 dyne/cm, respectively. Some adducts of this series also had cloud points as same as the nonionic surfactants. But the cloud point disappeared in acidic environment due to the increased solubility by the formation of quaternary salt. The aggregating behaviors of these surfactant molecules were also observed by light scattering technique (hydrodynamic diameter) and H1-NMR in different solvents.
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