| Summary: | 博士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 社會教育研究所 === 87 === The Study of the Policy Making for Marching towards a Learning Society in the Republic of China on Taiwan: The research of policy formation, policy formulation and policy legitimization
Jeng-Feng Ke
Abstract
Applying Analytical Research Method and Delphi Method, this study will analyze the policy making of a learning society, research the policy formation, formulation, and legitimization of a learning society. It will also try to conclude with some concrete policy-making suggestions for the marching towards a learning society of our country.
From the above study, the conclusions can be acquired as follows:
1. In the theoretical basis and development respect of a learning society: A learning society manifests the social environment in which one can generally take part in and learn in various stages of his life on the theoretical bases of philosophy, sociology and psychology, etc.. The rational concept of a learning society is originated from the idea of the lifelong education, which started in the earlier 20th century and gradually developed. Nowadays, a learning society has become the impetus of educational reform in various countries, and also become the developing objective of our country''s educational reform. As for the policy making pattern of marching towards a learning society in our country, rational decision-making model, incremental decision-making model and synthesizing decision-making model, etc. can be used to explain.
2. In the policy formation respect of a learning society: The policy formation of marching towards a learning society is affected by society, politic and economy, etc. The policy proposal is implemented from high level downward with government as a main role. With regard to accepting policy, it will be accepted quickly by education and administration authorities with actively promoting. As for concluding policy, before 1988, the lifelong education was mainly as supplementary education; about in 1988-1996, the lifelong education was mainly as adult education and social education; about in 1996 up to now, the lifelong education has been designed to establish a learning society.
3. In the policy target respect of a learning society: In the qualitative target of our learning society policy, there are about 22 targets, such as the protection of learning right, the entire development of learning objective, and the arousing of public education, etc.. In the quantitative target, it can be based on 12 targets, such as the entire participating rate of people learning, the funds of learning activity in the lifelong learning, and the investment and consumption of education and training, etc.. The policy target of a learning society in our country can meet the environmental change and impact in the policy formation of a learning society, and it''s worth to carry on the policy formation of a learning society according to targets. With viewing the new educational vision in 2001 by the Ministry of Education, 18 targets of our educational development proposed can also strengthen the connotation of a learning society.
4. In the policy formulation of a learning society: The policy formulation of a learning society in our country is mainly led by government administrative personnel with collecting and revising after relying scholars'' and experts'' helps and asking for opinions from various circles. The carrying on procedure of formulation is started by the administrative personnel, and completed through drafting by scholars and experts, having formal discussion in dividing districts, and soliciting and synthesizing various opinions. The main working points of promoting learning society are to wholly arrange formal, non-formal and informal education channels, and establish the lifelong education system through legislation. Furthermore, the learning society of our formulation can have related matching measure helpful to the concrete practice of a learning society. The policy formulation of our learning society corresponds to the policy target of a learning society; various works have been started and are being carried out, and it''s perceived that our learning society can be expected soon.
5. In the policy legitimization of a learning society: The policy legitimization of our learning society can have two portions; one is making (or correcting) laws and regulations, and the other is discussing and mapping out white paper, plan and project with being justifiable of both. Formulating (or revising) laws and regulations and reviewing process are studied and prepared by administrative personnel, scholars and experts, personnel from organization concerned, and legislative personnel according to a certain procedure with making public (issuing) for implementation. In the process of policy legitimization, the participants in various stages have decisive influence on laws and regulations. With the policy target of a learning society to review our present educational laws and regulations, there are still lots to be strengthened if setting up learning society system. In terms of the policy legitimization style of our learning society, it''s necessary to make "Lifelong Education Act", and also the related laws and regulations must be revised fittingly.
Based on study find and conclusion, the following suggestions are put forward:
1. For establishing the learning society of our country, the suggestion concerning academic formation and theoretical basis: Strengthen the study of localized learning society policy to establish the theoretical basis of a learning society suitable for our national conditions. Constantly taking in foreign experience benefits us in carrying out learning society policy. At present, establishing a learning society has become the developing objective of our educational reform; the policy direction should be correct, and strengthened to implement continuously. The policy making pattern of our learning society can be formulated with adopting multiple models to be tolerant.
2. The suggestion on the policy formation for establishing our learning society: The influencing factors of policy formation for marching towards our learning society must be grasped to formulate policy properly. The presenting way of our learning society policy is adjusted "from upper level to lower level" to "from lower level to upper level", and gives the local education authorities more main right to lead the policy. It''s strengthened that the related organizations accept the policy of marching towards our learning society with being decided and formulated. The wrong ideas of various circles on a learning society policy are guided to make the personnel of related units know clearly the essence of lifelong education including formal, non-formal and informal education with the purpose of establishing learning society.
3. The suggestion on the policy target for establishing our learning society: In-depth research of the policy target of our learning society is to set up the standard of a learning society, which meets the requirement of our nation. Evaluate and specify the policy quantitative target of our learning society to be as the basis of policy formulation and the evaluating target of carrying out the above result. In present stage, this study can be used to acquire the policy target of our learning society and speed up proceeding various policy plans of a learning society. Viewing the new educational vision in 2001 year by the Ministry of Education, 18 targets of our educational development proposed can also strengthen the connotation of a learning society in targets.
4. The suggestion on the policy formulation of establishing our learning society: Strengthen the abilities of related administrative personnel, scholars and experts for the policy formulation of a learning society, and strengthen cultivating the professionals of policy formulation to participate together in policy formulation. Review the policy formulation procedure of our learning society to adopt the opinions in various respects, and work out appropriate policy formulation. With continuously strengthening the policy formulation of our learning society, establish our learning society system. Enhancing related matching measure has a learning society policy fully realized.
5. The suggestion on the policy legitimization of establishing our learning society: The policy legitimization of our learning society can be started from formulating (revising) formal laws and regulations, and studying and preparing white paper, plan and project to make them complement each other. Improve the laws and regulations making (revising) and reviewing process of the policy legitimization of our learning society, grasp time effect and lift legislative quality. In the process of the policy legitimization of our learning society, the personnel with decisive influence must be more communicated to complete smoothly legislating work. With the policy targets of learning society, review our current educational laws and regulations and related ones with revising and being brought into learning society concept and doing way. Complete as soon as possible the legislative work of "Lifelong Education Act", and bring into the related target connotation of learning society. Meanwhile, to revise related laws and regulations and to study and prepare plan and project accordingly is also necessary for the establishment of a long-term learning society system.
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