| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中山大學 === 環境工程研究所 === 87 === The basic storage-transport units, such as tank containers, and ships have been in use to carry liquid chemicals in bulk between nations. There are four international commercial ports in Taiwan. Of which, Kaohsiung and Taichung ports are the major points for loading and discharging chemicals. These chemicals may be inflammable, toxic, or corrosive in nature. Neglecting the safety in transport and handling of the dangerous goods could cause chemical accidents, such as fire or explosion.
To minimize or avoid chemical accidents in port areas, a well management is needed to enhance process safety. This study has reviewed all aspects of laws, regulations and practices related to dangerous goods management with a special focus on Taiwan international commercial ports, particularly Kaohsiung and Taichung harbors.
For risk assessment of chemical tanks in port areas, two risk assessment techniques, namely "Guide to Hazardous Industrial Activities" and "Risk Assessment Guidelines for Municipalities and Industries", are used to quantify the incidences and risk frequencies.
The results of risk assessment show that once chemicals are released from a tank farm, it would cause normal populations adversely affected depending on the nature of substances and tank capacities. It appears that the majority of tanks and tank farms has a risk in the range of significance. Therefore, it is needed to take the appropriate "risk reduction measures" such as the reduction of total amounts of dangerous goods present in a port. Other measures include: land-use planning, emergency response planning, and improved operation practices. This study suggests that some actions be taken for reducing risk in three phases - prevention, preparedness, and response.
In this study, common deficiencies for ships carrying dangerous goods within the port have been identified, and suggestions for remedial measures also presented. Finally, this study provides the Port Authority with suggestions to improve dangerous goods management to enhance process safety.
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