| Summary: | 碩士 === 淡江大學 === 俄羅斯研究所 === 86 === The end of cold war made the nationalist movements arise in the
Soviet Union.The national contradictions accumulated for a long
time erupted suddenlyresulting in the breakup of the USSR in
1991.Nevertheless,the influence ofSoviet Federalism has not been
ended off yet.On the contrary,th]oday''s relationships among the
Russia Federation and CIS,the subjects of federalismbased on the
consideration of nation is still the key point of future
stabilityand democratization in this area.Therefore the purpose
of this thesis is tryingto explore the essence of Soviet
Federalism,and assess Soviet Federalism by using historical
approach and the method of vomparative federalism.At the same
time,according to interpreting Soviet Federalism,it may provide
not only experiences for the integration of a multiethnic state,
but also a referencemodel for the project of the Chinese
federation recently.The dissertation constains seven chapters,
Besides the first chapter and the last one are an introduction
and conclusion,I categorize the other text intofive chapters--
from The chapter Two to chapter Six.First,from the second
chapter to the fourth chapter focuses on the origin,development,
and demise of Soviet Federalism.It indicates that the nature of
Soviet Federalism is the national policy to settle up the
national problems in Russia under Lenin''s doctrine.However the
soviet federal structure is no more than an expeditious measure
to communize the non-Russia nationalities.Second,It examines
Soviet Federalism by the indexes of the wesntern federalism in
the fifth chapter.It demonstrates that even the soviet
constitution is also not a "real" federation,but an unitary
state.In fact,the western viewpoint can not meaningfully
explainthe emergence and maintenance of Soviet Federalism.That''s
because Soviet Federalism was based on different ideological
precepts.Namely,the CPSU areallowed to control everything.Third,
in the sixth chapter,It scrutinizes the feature and shortcomings
of Soviet Federalism.The feature of Soviet Federalsimis as
follow:(1)The way of the formation is from "top" to "below".(2)A
greatamount and varieties of the constituent unit.(3)Along both
ethno-federal and territorial-federal line.(4)Symmetrical
federalism.(5)Vertical federalism.(6)The political systems of
the constituent unit are copied from the center.(7)Socialist
ideology.The defects of Soviet Federalism are as follow:(1)
Theabsence of political culture about federal spirit in
Russia.(2)The superiorityof the RSFSR.(3)The irrelevant divisive
standard of the constituent unit.(4)The deviation of the
national policy in the Soviet Union.(5)The mistakes of
thesocialist theory in terms of federalism.
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