Preliminary Molecular and Cytogenetic Analysis on Chicken Breeds in Taiwan

• Main Authors: Chang, Yea-Shin, 張逸昕
• Other Authors: Chang Chun-Fan
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 1998
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32543363474345229349

碩士 === 中國文化大學 === 生物科技研究所 === 86 === Breeding local poultry strains with molecular and cytogenetic monitoringtechniques is an urgent task to Taiwan poultry industry since manystrains are possibly hybrids of one strain and another. Based onphenotypic characteristics, Chung-Hsing University and Taiwan LivestockResearch Institute have collaboratively bred local Taiwan poultrystrains including Taiwan Wugoo, China Wugoo, Shin-I, Ju-Chi, Hwa-Liang,King-Man, HongKong's Sirchi, Peiking's Oil Chicken, and Mingguwoo. This thesis work is to preliminarily study the genetic differences atboth choromosomal and molecular levels of poultry strains mentionedabove along with commercial poultry strains including Avian, Peterson,and Leghorn strains. Respectively, karyotyping chromosomes of Wugoo,Hwa-Liang, Avian, Perterson, and Leghorn strains and as well applyingamplification primers of simple sequence repeat (SSR) are the analysismethods been adopted. For chromosomal karyotyping, chicken chromosomes are readily propagatedfrom chicken embryo rather than from blood lymphocytes. Optimal timefor harvesting embryo chromosomes is at 72 to 75 hatching hours offertilized chicken eggs. However, resulted chromosome banding patternsby Giemsa staining are very much alike among analysed chicken strains. This may indicate that karyotyping by dye staining alone may beinsufficient to demonstrate genetic differences among poultry strains. We are currently collaborating with software company in producingreference karyotypes of the above poultry strains. Further, techniquesof chromosome preparation and karyotyping will subsequently be exercisedwhile stained by nucleic acid hybridization. To differentiate poultry strains at molecular genetics level, syntheticSSR oligonucleotides are used as PCR primers to reveal high polymorphismof amplified DNA products. High polymorphism is well demonstrated bySSR primers as of MS 102, MS 158, MS 171, MS 176, MS 181, MS 210, and MS267. The absence or presence of allelic SSR bands are set as 0/1 binaryformat for calculating genetic distance between one to another strain offour chicken subdivisions. Cloning and characterization of thepolymorphic DNA fragments may subsequently be developed as DNA markersfor hybridization analysis on chicken chromosomes.