| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 食品科學系 === 86 === Ear mushrooms are popular in Taiwan. Five kinds of ear
mushroom are commercially available in Taiwan, including black
(Auricularia mesenterica (Dickson) Persoon), red (Auricularia
polytricha (Montagne) Saccardo), jin (Auricularia fuscosuccinea
(MontagneFarlow), brown strain), snow (Auricularia fuscosuccinea
(Montagne) Farlow, white strain) and silver ears (Tremella
fuciformis Berkeley). Snow ear is a translucent white of jin
ears, which is a newly cultivated edible ear mushroom in Taiwan.
For most p The snow ear contained higher crude fat,
fiber and protein and lower carbohydrate than silver ear. The
same advantage made it possible to compete with other ears.
These ear mushrooms contained very low amount of soluble sugars.
The silver ear contained high amount of reducing sugars, which
meant that it contained high calories. These five ears contained
nine kinds of essential amino acid but very low amount of free
amino acids. The snow ear contained highest amount of flavor
5''-nucleotides. The mai On the linear growth rate, ODA
had a significant effect on the mycelial growth of black, red,
jin, and snow ear. The relative linear growth rate of red, jin,
and snow ears were 1.167, 1.451 and 2.013 at the concentration
of 10 ppm ODA, respectively. ODA could raise the growth rate of
black ear, but had no significant effect at any concentrations
of ODA. In liquid culture of red ear, it was found that
the higher concentrations of ODA, the higher concentrations of
biomass and laccase activity. At 10 ppm ODA, the biomass and
laccase activity of mycelium of red ear were about 118%, and 250
% of mycelial growth compared to that of the control,
respectively. In the log cultivation of snow ear, it was
found that the higher concentrations of ODA, the higher yield of
snow ear at the first, second flush and the sum of the first and
second flush. For the application of ODA on snow ear
cultivation, the use of more than 5 ppm ODA was suggested.
The flavor qualities of ear mushroom were lower than other
mushrooms. Due to the compositions of amino acid and fatty acid.
Ear mushrooms could be the healthy food. The mushroom
biologically active substance-ODA could promote the growth of
ear mushroom mycelium. In the application of mushroom
cultivation, ODA could promote the growth of mycelium and
increase the yield of snow ears. The result of the present study
could be applied to other mushrooms.
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