| Summary: | 博士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 藥學系 === 85 === Part I: Studies on the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) from the
Plants Cardiosperm halicacabum Linn, Ophioglossum petiolatum
Hook, Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thumb.) Markino, Citrus and Beans
Species.A. Cardiospermum halicacabum LinnCardiospermum
halicacabum Linn (Sapindaceae) exhibited anti-inflammatory
activity. In this study, superoxide dismutases (SOD) were
detected from the aerial parts of the fresh plant using
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and two major Cu.Zn-SODs
were identified by their sensitivity to cyanide and hydrogen
peroxide. The molecular weight of these SODs were estimated to
be 78 kDa and 29 KDa.By nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) method, the
SOD activity in stems, leaves, fruit capsulae and seeds from the
aerial parts of the plant were 475, 221, 535 and 471 mUnits/mg
protein respectively. However, the root of the plant did not
contain the enzyme.B. Ophioglossum petiolatum HookOphioglossum
petiolatum Hook (Ophioglossaceae) has been traditionally used as
antipyretic, antidote, antiplatelet, analgesic and anti-
inflammatory medicine and the extract of the plant exhibits
xanthine oxidase inhibition.In this study, five isozymes of
superoxide dismutases(SODs) were characterized from the extract
of fresh plant collected in the month of December and April
using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cu.Zn-SODs were
identified by their sensitivity to cyanide and hydrogen peroxide
for these five isozymes. The molecular weight of these SODs were
estimated to be 84, 71, 47, 42 and 34 KDa.By nitro blue
tetrazolium (NBT) assay, the total Cu.Zn-SOD activities were
92.4±15 mUnits/mg protein from the plant collected in December
and 158.47±24 mUnits/mg protein in April.C. Gynostemma
pentaphyllum (Thunb.) MakinoGynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.)
Makino (Cucurbitaceae) has been used in folk medicine as anti-
inflammation for rheumatoid arthritis, chronic bronchitis, liver
disease and prostatism.Three Mn-SOD, one Fe-SOD and three Cu.Zn-
SOD were detected from the aerial parts of the fresh plant using
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of
these SODs were estimated to be 115, 100 and 70 KDa for three
Mn-SOD, 78, 64 and 57 KDa for three Cu.Zn-SOD and 38 KDa for one
Fe-SOD.By nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay, the total SOD
activity in the aerial parts of the plant was 248, 3±12.2
mUnit/mg protein.D. Citrus species (Rutaceae)It has been found
several isozymes of superoxide dismutases from the peels of the
fresh fruits from Citrus species (Rutaceae), such as several
variety of Citrus grandis Osbeck, Citrus paradisi, the variety
of Citrus tangerina and Fortunella margarita. By nitro blue
tetrazolium (NBT) assay, the total SOD activities in the peels
of the Citrus species were 22.9±4.3 (Yow-tzyy), 178.0±5.5
(Bair-yow), 93.3±12.2 (Shi-shy-yow), 407.8±20.6 (Pwu-taur-
yow), 809.5±37.6 (Tyu, orange), 66.3±7.1 (Huu-tour-gan) and
180.2±21.2 (Jin-tyu) mUnit/mg protein.E. Beans species
(Leguminosae)Abundant SODs were detected in the seeds of the
Mau-dow and Miin-dow (Leguminosae). By nitro blue tetrazolium
(NBT) assay, the total SOD activities in the seeds of the Mau-
dow and Miin-dow were 207.0±34.5 and 292.2±23.0 mUnit/mg
protein, respectively.Part II: Studies on the Xanthine Oxidase
Inhibitors and Antitumor ActivityThe flavonoids are present in
the higher plants and their consumption in the normal diet
amounts to 1g or more per day. These compounds possess a wide
range of pharmacodynamic properties including xanthine oxidase
inhibition and anticarcinogenesis.In this study, UV
spectrophotometric assay and fluorometric pterin assay of the
activity of xanthine oxidase were employed for glycosides and
flavonoids. The results showed that glycosides did not display
xanthine oxidase inhibition, whereas flavonoids showed the
effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition by both assay.In
addition, several flavonoids, such as luteolin, quercetin,
capillarisin and apigenin showed the inhibitory effects of
xanthine oxidase in various cell lines. These compounds not only
inhibit xanthine oxidase in NIH3T3 cells but also inhibit the
activity of xanthine oxidase induced by PMA (phorbol
12-myristate 13-acetate).In the antitumor study, it has been
found that quercetin, luteolin and genistein inhibit the
expression of the total kinase activities of various tumor cell
lines as well as growth inhibition of the tumor cells.On the
other hand, luteolin, genistein and apigenin are able to induce
apoptosis of various tumor cells and inhibit metalloproteinases
in various tumor cells.
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