| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 中國文學系 === 85 === Siyi sub-dialect belongs to the Yue dialect, one of the
seven Chinese dialects. It includes the regions Doumen,
Jiangmen, Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping,Enping and Heshan, which are
at the south-west of the Guangdong Province. We try to figure
out the characteristics of the Siyi dialect by using the
synchronic view, the historical view and the comparison with
other Chinese dialects.
From the synchronic point of view, the most common
characteristic in the Siyi Dialect is the tone value. The
contours are very similar, with two very special yin-ru
tones: upper yin-ru tone and lower yin-ru tone having tone
value 55 and 33 respectively. Another characteristic is that
there is a labio-dental semi-consonant v-. Besides, most
regions, except Jiangmen and Heshan, consist of a plosive nasal
pronounciation. For their rhymes, there are nasal finals -m,
-n, -ng and consonant finals -p, -t, -k. A special but only
partially common characteristic is that there are quasi-rounded
velar unaspirated stopped consonants kv- and kv''- for
districts like Doumen, Jiangmen, Xinhui and Heshan.
Moreover, there is an unvoiced dental lateral fricative
initial ■- for the districts like Taishan, Kaiping and Heshan.
Then, we tried to compare the Siyi Dialect with the system of
Qie Yun rhyme book and with Cantonese in a historical aspect,
hoping to find a common characteristic for the phonology of the
Siyi Dialect. We could assure that Siyi Dialect belongs to
one of the Yue Dialect because it follows the devoicing
rule of Middle Age voiced consonants or Chuan-Zhuo-Mu for the
Siyi Dialect in which those of the ping tone and shang tone are
aspirated initials while those of the qu tone and the ru tone
are unaspirated initials. The most common and unique
characteristic of the Siyi Dialect is that after the devoicing
of Middle Age voiced consonants, loss of stopped feature occurs
in the Tou initials and the Bing initials with aspirated
feature, and are pronounced as a glottal fricative h-
instead. The other unique characteristicof Siyi Dialect is that
the yin-ping tone and the yin-qu tone are merged as one, named
the yin-ping tone. These are the most important stance for the
definition of the Siyi Dialect. The loss of stopped feature
also occurs in Xi initial and the bilabial initials at Kaiping
and Heshan. Nevertheless, theJing initial group are different
from the Zhuang, Zhi and Zhang initial groups. The former
is pronouced as t-, t''-, ■- while the latter is
pronounced as ts-,ts''- and s-.
On the other hand the literary and the colloquial pronounciation
of the Geng rime group at the Siyi Dialect are very similar to
that of the Hakka Dialect. The pronounciations of the First
and the Second Class of the Xie, Xiao, Xian and Shan rime
groups at Taishan, Kaiping, Enping and Heshan, and the
pronounciations of the Liu, Xian and Shen rime group at Taishan
are also very similar with those of the Hakka Dialect. Asides
from these, the variation of the Siyi dialect closely
resembles that of Cantonese except for the differnces in
pronounciation.
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