| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中山大學 === 企業管理學系 === 85 === The R&D activities in Taiwan have been growing rapidly whether in the involvement of R&D personnel or R&D expenditure. Compared with the other major countries all over the world. the ratio of R&D expendirure from the government in Taiwan is obviously higher than the other countries for the past years. Although R&D instiutes play an important role of executing governmetal policies, the sytematic researches of R&D institutes are rarely found. What is the present situation of the R&D institutes which received governmental expenditure? What is the main point that person-in-charge of R&D institutes lay emphasis on when they take in charge of the whole instiutes? What factor of organizational characteristics or environment will influence the selection of management types? What is the connection between management types and R&D performance?
This study adopted Pfeffer & Salanick''s (1978) viewpoint in the contril of resources of organizations; practically and overall investigate all the public research institutes in Taiwan in order to order to find out the possible management types of public research institutes, factors of management type selection, and the performance of different management types. According to the list of "Science and Technology Institutes "from Science and Technoloty Statistics of Republic of China, there are 104 public and private research institutes nationwide. Abandoning 38 unqualified research institutes, this study investigate the rest 66 research institutes by telephone or by fax and has the following findings:
1.Provide the classification for management types of public research institutes. Based on the time distribution of major activities, such as research and development, internal management and external management, this study divides research institutes into "management type", "inner-control type", "external-control type" and "R&D type". R&D type is the major type of public research institutes in Taiwanese.
2.Public research institutes using different management types focus on different emphases for inner-control. "inner-control type " institutes emphasize more on strtegic management, operational management, and personnel management than "R&D type " ones.
3.Public research institutes using different management types focus on different emphases for external-control. "management type " institutes make more efforts on users and the public than "R&D type " ones. "external-control type " institutes put more emphases on agent than "inner-control type" or "R&D type " ones. "Management type " institutes put more emphases on the public than "inner-control type " ones also.
4. The selection of management types is influenced by the scale of the personnel. When the personnel keep increasing in an pubilc research institute, there is a trend that the management type selected by the institute may start from "R&D type" or "inner-control type" to "external-control type", and then come to "management type" finally.
5. The selection of management types is influenced by the resources of expenditure. "Goverment-oriented" institutes trend toward "R&D type", while "Market-oriented" institutes trend toward "management type". The above conclusion result from the defferent environmental texture.
6. Different management types cause different payment-expenditure ratio. "external-control type" institutes get more commendation from users and the public, and have higher payment-expenditure ratio than "R&D type" ones.
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